McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults
and Children
9th Edition
Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Q1. A researcher exposes hepatocytes to a toxin that
selectively disrupts rough endoplasmic reticulum function.
Shortly afterward, the cells demonstrate reduced plasma
protein synthesis and intracellular accumulation of
unfolded peptides. The observed cellular injury is most
directly explained by failure of which process?
, A. Oxidative phosphorylation
B. Ribosomal protein translation
C. Lysosomal autophagy
D. Golgi-mediated exocytosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Reduced plasma protein synthesis with
accumulation of unfolded proteins indicates impaired
rough ER activity.
• Mechanism: Ribosomes attached to rough ER synthesize
membrane-bound and secreted proteins.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Disruption of rough ER
prevents proper translation and folding of proteins
destined for secretion.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria.
o C. Lysosomal autophagy degrades intracellular
material rather than synthesizing proteins.
o D. Golgi exocytosis occurs downstream of protein
synthesis.
• Exam Trap: Confusing rough ER with Golgi apparatus
because both participate in protein handling.
,• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Persistent unfolded
proteins can trigger the unfolded protein response and
apoptosis.
• Memory Anchor: “Rough ER = ribosomal protein factory.”
Q2. A patient with chronic granulomatous disease
experiences recurrent bacterial infections despite normal
leukocyte counts. Defective generation of reactive oxygen
species primarily impairs which neutrophil function?
A. Chemotaxis
B. Opsonization
C. Oxidative killing within phagolysosomes
D. Margination along endothelium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Chronic granulomatous disease involves
defective respiratory burst.
• Mechanism: NADPH oxidase deficiency prevents
production of superoxide radicals needed for intracellular
killing.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Oxidative killing inside
phagolysosomes is impaired, allowing persistence of
catalase-positive organisms.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
, o A. Chemotaxis remains largely intact.
o B. Opsonization depends mainly on antibodies and
complement.
o D. Margination involves endothelial adhesion
mechanisms.
• Exam Trap: Assuming recurrent infections imply impaired
leukocyte migration rather than intracellular killing.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Patients commonly develop
abscesses and granuloma formation.
• Memory Anchor: “CGD = can’t generate destruction.”
Q3. A rapidly dividing malignant cell line demonstrates
marked dependence on anaerobic glycolysis despite
adequate oxygen availability. This metabolic adaptation
best accounts for which finding?
A. Increased ATP yield per glucose molecule
B. Enhanced lactate production
C. Reduced glucose uptake
D. Suppressed nucleotide synthesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells reflects the
Warburg effect.
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults
and Children
9th Edition
Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Q1. A researcher exposes hepatocytes to a toxin that
selectively disrupts rough endoplasmic reticulum function.
Shortly afterward, the cells demonstrate reduced plasma
protein synthesis and intracellular accumulation of
unfolded peptides. The observed cellular injury is most
directly explained by failure of which process?
, A. Oxidative phosphorylation
B. Ribosomal protein translation
C. Lysosomal autophagy
D. Golgi-mediated exocytosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Reduced plasma protein synthesis with
accumulation of unfolded proteins indicates impaired
rough ER activity.
• Mechanism: Ribosomes attached to rough ER synthesize
membrane-bound and secreted proteins.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Disruption of rough ER
prevents proper translation and folding of proteins
destined for secretion.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria.
o C. Lysosomal autophagy degrades intracellular
material rather than synthesizing proteins.
o D. Golgi exocytosis occurs downstream of protein
synthesis.
• Exam Trap: Confusing rough ER with Golgi apparatus
because both participate in protein handling.
,• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Persistent unfolded
proteins can trigger the unfolded protein response and
apoptosis.
• Memory Anchor: “Rough ER = ribosomal protein factory.”
Q2. A patient with chronic granulomatous disease
experiences recurrent bacterial infections despite normal
leukocyte counts. Defective generation of reactive oxygen
species primarily impairs which neutrophil function?
A. Chemotaxis
B. Opsonization
C. Oxidative killing within phagolysosomes
D. Margination along endothelium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Chronic granulomatous disease involves
defective respiratory burst.
• Mechanism: NADPH oxidase deficiency prevents
production of superoxide radicals needed for intracellular
killing.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Oxidative killing inside
phagolysosomes is impaired, allowing persistence of
catalase-positive organisms.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
, o A. Chemotaxis remains largely intact.
o B. Opsonization depends mainly on antibodies and
complement.
o D. Margination involves endothelial adhesion
mechanisms.
• Exam Trap: Assuming recurrent infections imply impaired
leukocyte migration rather than intracellular killing.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Patients commonly develop
abscesses and granuloma formation.
• Memory Anchor: “CGD = can’t generate destruction.”
Q3. A rapidly dividing malignant cell line demonstrates
marked dependence on anaerobic glycolysis despite
adequate oxygen availability. This metabolic adaptation
best accounts for which finding?
A. Increased ATP yield per glucose molecule
B. Enhanced lactate production
C. Reduced glucose uptake
D. Suppressed nucleotide synthesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells reflects the
Warburg effect.
