NIGHTINGALE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – FINAL EXAM
4|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GRADED A+|2026
UPDATE|100% CORRECT
GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (1–20)
1.
Pathophysiology is the study of:
A. Normal body structure
B. Disease processes and functional changes in the body
C. Drug classification
D. Surgical techniques
Answer: B
Rationale: It focuses on altered physiological function due to disease.
2.
Homeostasis refers to:
A. Disease progression
B. Stable internal body environment
C. Cell mutation
D. Organ failure
Answer: B
Rationale: The body maintains internal stability for survival.
3.
Cell injury can be caused by all EXCEPT:
A. Hypoxia
B. Toxins
C. Adequate oxygen supply
D. Infection
,Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate oxygen supports normal cellular function.
4.
Reversible cell injury means:
A. Permanent damage
B. Cell death
C. Recovery possible if cause is removed
D. Genetic mutation
Answer: C
Rationale: Cells can recover when stress is removed.
5.
Irreversible cell injury results in:
A. Healing
B. Cell death
C. Increased metabolism
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Severe injury leads to necrosis or apoptosis.
6.
Hypoxia is defined as:
A. Excess oxygen
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. High glucose
D. Infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Insufficient oxygen supply to tissues.
7.
, The brain is most sensitive to:
A. High glucose
B. Hypoxia
C. High cholesterol
D. Infection only
Answer: B
Rationale: Brain requires constant oxygen supply.
8.
Ischemia refers to:
A. Increased blood flow
B. Reduced blood supply
C. Infection
D. Hormonal imbalance
Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased perfusion of tissues.
9.
Apoptosis is:
A. Random cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infection
D. Tumor growth
Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled cellular death.
10.
Necrosis is:
A. Controlled cell death
B. Uncontrolled cell death
C. Cell repair
D. Cell division
4|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GRADED A+|2026
UPDATE|100% CORRECT
GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (1–20)
1.
Pathophysiology is the study of:
A. Normal body structure
B. Disease processes and functional changes in the body
C. Drug classification
D. Surgical techniques
Answer: B
Rationale: It focuses on altered physiological function due to disease.
2.
Homeostasis refers to:
A. Disease progression
B. Stable internal body environment
C. Cell mutation
D. Organ failure
Answer: B
Rationale: The body maintains internal stability for survival.
3.
Cell injury can be caused by all EXCEPT:
A. Hypoxia
B. Toxins
C. Adequate oxygen supply
D. Infection
,Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate oxygen supports normal cellular function.
4.
Reversible cell injury means:
A. Permanent damage
B. Cell death
C. Recovery possible if cause is removed
D. Genetic mutation
Answer: C
Rationale: Cells can recover when stress is removed.
5.
Irreversible cell injury results in:
A. Healing
B. Cell death
C. Increased metabolism
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Severe injury leads to necrosis or apoptosis.
6.
Hypoxia is defined as:
A. Excess oxygen
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. High glucose
D. Infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Insufficient oxygen supply to tissues.
7.
, The brain is most sensitive to:
A. High glucose
B. Hypoxia
C. High cholesterol
D. Infection only
Answer: B
Rationale: Brain requires constant oxygen supply.
8.
Ischemia refers to:
A. Increased blood flow
B. Reduced blood supply
C. Infection
D. Hormonal imbalance
Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased perfusion of tissues.
9.
Apoptosis is:
A. Random cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infection
D. Tumor growth
Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled cellular death.
10.
Necrosis is:
A. Controlled cell death
B. Uncontrolled cell death
C. Cell repair
D. Cell division
