NIGHTINGALE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – EXAM
3|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GRADED A+|2026
UPDATE|100% CORRECT
GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (1–20)
1.
Pathophysiology is the study of:
A. Normal body structure
B. Disease processes and functional changes in the body
C. Drug formulation
D. Surgical procedures
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology focuses on altered physiological function due to disease.
2.
Homeostasis refers to:
A. Disease progression
B. Internal balance of the body
C. Cell death
D. Genetic mutation
Answer: B
Rationale: The body maintains a stable internal environment.
3.
Cell injury can be caused by all EXCEPT:
A. Hypoxia
B. Toxins
C. Adequate oxygen supply
D. Infection
,Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate oxygen supports normal cell survival.
4.
Reversible cell injury means:
A. Permanent damage
B. Cell death
C. Recovery is possible
D. Mutation
Answer: C
Rationale: Cells can recover if the cause is removed.
5.
Irreversible cell injury leads to:
A. Healing
B. Cell death
C. Increased function
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Severe damage results in necrosis or apoptosis.
6.
Hypoxia refers to:
A. Excess oxygen
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. Excess glucose
D. Infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Insufficient oxygen supply to tissues.
7.
, The most sensitive organ to hypoxia is:
A. Skin
B. Brain
C. Bone
D. Muscle
Answer: B
Rationale: The brain requires constant oxygen supply.
8.
Ischemia refers to:
A. Increased blood flow
B. Reduced blood supply
C. Infection
D. Hormonal imbalance
Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased perfusion of tissues.
9.
Apoptosis is:
A. Random cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infection
D. Tumor formation
Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled and programmed cell death.
10.
Necrosis is:
A. Normal cell division
B. Uncontrolled cell death
C. DNA repair
D. Protein synthesis
3|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GRADED A+|2026
UPDATE|100% CORRECT
GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (1–20)
1.
Pathophysiology is the study of:
A. Normal body structure
B. Disease processes and functional changes in the body
C. Drug formulation
D. Surgical procedures
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology focuses on altered physiological function due to disease.
2.
Homeostasis refers to:
A. Disease progression
B. Internal balance of the body
C. Cell death
D. Genetic mutation
Answer: B
Rationale: The body maintains a stable internal environment.
3.
Cell injury can be caused by all EXCEPT:
A. Hypoxia
B. Toxins
C. Adequate oxygen supply
D. Infection
,Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate oxygen supports normal cell survival.
4.
Reversible cell injury means:
A. Permanent damage
B. Cell death
C. Recovery is possible
D. Mutation
Answer: C
Rationale: Cells can recover if the cause is removed.
5.
Irreversible cell injury leads to:
A. Healing
B. Cell death
C. Increased function
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Severe damage results in necrosis or apoptosis.
6.
Hypoxia refers to:
A. Excess oxygen
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. Excess glucose
D. Infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Insufficient oxygen supply to tissues.
7.
, The most sensitive organ to hypoxia is:
A. Skin
B. Brain
C. Bone
D. Muscle
Answer: B
Rationale: The brain requires constant oxygen supply.
8.
Ischemia refers to:
A. Increased blood flow
B. Reduced blood supply
C. Infection
D. Hormonal imbalance
Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased perfusion of tissues.
9.
Apoptosis is:
A. Random cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infection
D. Tumor formation
Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled and programmed cell death.
10.
Necrosis is:
A. Normal cell division
B. Uncontrolled cell death
C. DNA repair
D. Protein synthesis
