Music History Humanities EXAM #3 on Baroque
Period Review Medieval to Baroque Questions
and Answers Latest Versions Top Rated
Guaranteed Pass
Define "baroque."
A concept relating to or denoting a style of European architecture,
music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed
mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail.
In what year did the baroque period first make it's
appearance?
1600.
Identify the three MAIN ideals that served as the driving force
for baroque art and architecture.
1. Grandeur
2. Opulence
3. Expanding horizons
Who is credited with coining the term "baroque" and what
did it originally mean?
The word baroque was not commonly used in the seventeenth
century; rather, it was coined in the next century by artists and
scholars whose tastes were attuned to classical ideals. And, to
them, much of seventeenth-century culture was imperfect,
or baroque, a term probably derived from
the Portuguese word barroco, meaning "irregular pearl."
The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles (i.e. France)
Identify the name and location of the architecture shown.
Which famous establishment is credited as a monumental
depiction of baroque styles?
The Hall of Mirrors (specifically), located in the Palace of
Versailles.
,In what city did the baroque style originate from?
***IMPORTANT!
Rome (i.e. Italy.)
TRUE or FALSE: The famous baroque style originated in
France, under King Louis XIV's reign.
FALSE! Although the baroque style is commonly referenced by
French culture, it originated in Rome and from there spread
across the Continent; the Italian city-states and the popes were
no longer at the center of European political life.
List the 5 MAIN military states that rose to power in 1715.
***IMPORTANT!
1. England
2. France
3. Austria
4. Prussia
5. Russia
Define "absolutism."
Identified as the concept associated with the acceptance of or
belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or
theological matters, absolutism also refers to absolute
monarchy, meaning that the sovereign power or ultimate
authority in the state rested in the hands of a king who claimed to
rule by divine right.
The leaders of the five MAIN military states (England, France,
Austria, Prussia, and Russia) were classified as what kind of
rulers?
Known as absolutists, these rulers wanted complete control over
state affairs, unlike medieval monarchs, who had to share
authority with the church and the feudal nobles. Heavily
influenced by the ideals of Machiavelli, they fueled their claims
with divine right and natural law.
Which ruler was classified as the "Sun King?"
***IMPORTANT!
,Louis XIV of France.
Identify the three MAJOR changes that happened in Europe
as a result from the competing monarchs bid for absolute
power.
1. Administrative bureaucracies were reformed into the domains
of university-trained, middle-class officials.
2. Absolute monarchs established permanent diplomatic corps to
assist in foreign policy.
3. Standing armies (funded by state revenue) manned lower-class
soldiers.
Who was "Henry IV?"
The first ruler of the Bourbon dynasty, Henry IV was King of
England from 1399 to 1413. He asserted the claim of his
grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philip IV of
France, to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the first English
ruler since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was
English rather than French.
Raised a Protestant, he became heir to the French throne
through his marriage to Margaret of Valois, but was challenged
during a time of religious strife. Despite converting to Catholicism
after becoming King of France in 1589, Henry IV issued the Edict
of Nantes to foster religious tolerance.
How did Henry IV differ from his ancestral rulers?
Like a medieval king, Henry IV shared authority with the feudal
nobles; a pragmatist, he felt no need to force his adopted faith
(Catholicism) on the Huguenots (French Calvinists) and allowed
them limited freedom of worship. This all changed when Henry IV
was assassinated in 1610.
TRUE or FALSE: After Henry IV of France was assassinated,
Louis XIV immediately succeeded him in power.
FALSE! Although Louis did succeed Henry, real authority passed
to Cardinal Richelieu, who was the virtual ruler of France until his
death in 1624.
, Who was "Cardinal Richelieu?"
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu, commonly
referred to as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French clergyman and
statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was
appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Cardinal de Richelieu was
often known by the title of the king's "Chief Minister" or "First
Minister". He restricted the freedom of French Protestants and
sought to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions.
By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France
into a strong, centralized state.
Who is credited with transforming France into a strong,
centralized state in the 18th century?
Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister to Louis XIV.
Who was "Cardinal Mazarin?"
Cardinal Jules Mazarin was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and
politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France
Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in
1661. Mazarin continued Richelieu's anti-Habsburg policy and
laid the foundation for Louis XIV's expansionist policies.
Who was "Louis XIV?" ***IMPORTANT!
Louis XIV, known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was King
of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of
72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of
a sovereign country in European history. Louis XIV called himself
the 'Sun King' and his reign is famous for the extension
of absolute royal rule and the building of the palace at Versailles,
which seemed to summarize Louis XIV's reign.
Who famously stated "L 'Etat c'est moi" and what does it
mean? ***IMPORTANT!
Meaning "I am the state," it was stated by King Louis XIV of
France and became the embodiment of his absolute rule.
Identify the three MAIN changes that happened in France as
a result of Louis XIV's absolute rule.
Period Review Medieval to Baroque Questions
and Answers Latest Versions Top Rated
Guaranteed Pass
Define "baroque."
A concept relating to or denoting a style of European architecture,
music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed
mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail.
In what year did the baroque period first make it's
appearance?
1600.
Identify the three MAIN ideals that served as the driving force
for baroque art and architecture.
1. Grandeur
2. Opulence
3. Expanding horizons
Who is credited with coining the term "baroque" and what
did it originally mean?
The word baroque was not commonly used in the seventeenth
century; rather, it was coined in the next century by artists and
scholars whose tastes were attuned to classical ideals. And, to
them, much of seventeenth-century culture was imperfect,
or baroque, a term probably derived from
the Portuguese word barroco, meaning "irregular pearl."
The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles (i.e. France)
Identify the name and location of the architecture shown.
Which famous establishment is credited as a monumental
depiction of baroque styles?
The Hall of Mirrors (specifically), located in the Palace of
Versailles.
,In what city did the baroque style originate from?
***IMPORTANT!
Rome (i.e. Italy.)
TRUE or FALSE: The famous baroque style originated in
France, under King Louis XIV's reign.
FALSE! Although the baroque style is commonly referenced by
French culture, it originated in Rome and from there spread
across the Continent; the Italian city-states and the popes were
no longer at the center of European political life.
List the 5 MAIN military states that rose to power in 1715.
***IMPORTANT!
1. England
2. France
3. Austria
4. Prussia
5. Russia
Define "absolutism."
Identified as the concept associated with the acceptance of or
belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or
theological matters, absolutism also refers to absolute
monarchy, meaning that the sovereign power or ultimate
authority in the state rested in the hands of a king who claimed to
rule by divine right.
The leaders of the five MAIN military states (England, France,
Austria, Prussia, and Russia) were classified as what kind of
rulers?
Known as absolutists, these rulers wanted complete control over
state affairs, unlike medieval monarchs, who had to share
authority with the church and the feudal nobles. Heavily
influenced by the ideals of Machiavelli, they fueled their claims
with divine right and natural law.
Which ruler was classified as the "Sun King?"
***IMPORTANT!
,Louis XIV of France.
Identify the three MAJOR changes that happened in Europe
as a result from the competing monarchs bid for absolute
power.
1. Administrative bureaucracies were reformed into the domains
of university-trained, middle-class officials.
2. Absolute monarchs established permanent diplomatic corps to
assist in foreign policy.
3. Standing armies (funded by state revenue) manned lower-class
soldiers.
Who was "Henry IV?"
The first ruler of the Bourbon dynasty, Henry IV was King of
England from 1399 to 1413. He asserted the claim of his
grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philip IV of
France, to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the first English
ruler since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was
English rather than French.
Raised a Protestant, he became heir to the French throne
through his marriage to Margaret of Valois, but was challenged
during a time of religious strife. Despite converting to Catholicism
after becoming King of France in 1589, Henry IV issued the Edict
of Nantes to foster religious tolerance.
How did Henry IV differ from his ancestral rulers?
Like a medieval king, Henry IV shared authority with the feudal
nobles; a pragmatist, he felt no need to force his adopted faith
(Catholicism) on the Huguenots (French Calvinists) and allowed
them limited freedom of worship. This all changed when Henry IV
was assassinated in 1610.
TRUE or FALSE: After Henry IV of France was assassinated,
Louis XIV immediately succeeded him in power.
FALSE! Although Louis did succeed Henry, real authority passed
to Cardinal Richelieu, who was the virtual ruler of France until his
death in 1624.
, Who was "Cardinal Richelieu?"
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu, commonly
referred to as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French clergyman and
statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was
appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Cardinal de Richelieu was
often known by the title of the king's "Chief Minister" or "First
Minister". He restricted the freedom of French Protestants and
sought to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions.
By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France
into a strong, centralized state.
Who is credited with transforming France into a strong,
centralized state in the 18th century?
Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister to Louis XIV.
Who was "Cardinal Mazarin?"
Cardinal Jules Mazarin was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and
politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France
Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in
1661. Mazarin continued Richelieu's anti-Habsburg policy and
laid the foundation for Louis XIV's expansionist policies.
Who was "Louis XIV?" ***IMPORTANT!
Louis XIV, known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was King
of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of
72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of
a sovereign country in European history. Louis XIV called himself
the 'Sun King' and his reign is famous for the extension
of absolute royal rule and the building of the palace at Versailles,
which seemed to summarize Louis XIV's reign.
Who famously stated "L 'Etat c'est moi" and what does it
mean? ***IMPORTANT!
Meaning "I am the state," it was stated by King Louis XIV of
France and became the embodiment of his absolute rule.
Identify the three MAIN changes that happened in France as
a result of Louis XIV's absolute rule.
