ORGB 364 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Categorical Thinking - ✔✔organizing people and objects into preconceived
categories that are stored in our long-term memory
✔✔Ceremonies - ✔✔planned displays of organizational culture, conducted specifically
for the benefit of an audience
✔✔Cognitive Dissonance - ✔✔emotional experience caused by a perception that our
beliefs, feelings, and behaviour are incongruent with each other
✔✔Collectivism - ✔✔a cross-cultural value describing the degree to which people in a
culture emphasize duty to groups to which they belong and to group harmony
✔✔Communication - ✔✔the process by which information is transmitted and
understood between two or more people
✔✔Confirmation Bias - ✔✔the process of screening out information that is contrary to
our values and assumptions and to more readily accept confirming information
✔✔Conflict - ✔✔process in which one party perceives that its interests are being
opposed or negatively affected by another party
✔✔Conscientiousness - ✔✔a personality dimension describing people who are
organized, dependable, goal-focused, thorough, disciplined, methodical, and industrious
✔✔Contact Hypothesis - ✔✔a theory stating that the more we interact with someone,
the less prejudiced or perceptually biased we will be against that person
✔✔Continuance Commitment - ✔✔an individual's calculative attachment to an
organization
✔✔Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - ✔✔organizational activities intended to
benefit society and the environment beyond the firm's immediate financial interests or
legal obligations
✔✔counterproductive work behaviors - ✔✔voluntary behaviors that have the potential to
directly or indirectly harm the organization
✔✔Creativity - ✔✔the development of original ideas that make a socially recognized
contribution
,✔✔Decision Making - ✔✔the conscious process of making choices among alternatives
with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs
✔✔Deep-Level Diversity - ✔✔differences in the psychological characteristics of
employees, including personalities, beliefs, values, and attitudes
✔✔Distributive Justice - ✔✔perceived fairness in the individual's ratio of outcomes to
contributions relative to a comparison other's ratio of outcomes to contributions
✔✔Distributive Situation - ✔✔When the goals of two or more people are zero-sum so
that one can gain only at the other's expense
✔✔Divergent Thinking - ✔✔reframing a problem in a unique way and generating
different approaches to the issue
✔✔Drives - ✔✔hardwired characteristics of the brain that correct deficiencies or
maintain an internal equilibrium by producing emotions to energize individuals
✔✔Electronic Brainstorming - ✔✔a form of brainstorming that relies on networked
computers for submitting and sharing creative ideas
✔✔Emotional Contagion - ✔✔the nonconscious process of "catching" or sharing
another person's emotions by mimicking that person's facial expressions and other
nonverbal behavior
✔✔Emotional Dissonance - ✔✔the psychological tension experienced when the
emotions people are required to display are quite different from the emotions they
actually experience at that moment
✔✔Emotional Intelligence (EI) - ✔✔a set of abilities to perceive and express emotion,
assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate
emotion in oneself and others
✔✔Emotional Labour - ✔✔the effort, planning, and control needed to express
organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions
✔✔Emotions - ✔✔physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes experienced
toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness
✔✔Empathy - ✔✔person's understanding of and sensitivity to the feelings, thoughts,
and situations of others
, ✔✔Employee Engagement - ✔✔individual's emotional and cognitive motivation,
particularly a focused, intense, persistent, and purposive effort toward work-related
goals
✔✔Employee Involvement - ✔✔the degree to which employees influence how their
work is organized and carried out
✔✔Employee Share Ownership Plans - ✔✔A reward system that encourages
employees to buy company shares
✔✔Empowerment - ✔✔a psychological concept in which people experience more self-
determination, meaning, competence, and impact regarding their role in the
organization
✔✔Equity Theory - ✔✔a theory explaining how people develop perceptions of fairness
in the distribution and exchange of resources
✔✔Escalation of Commitment - ✔✔the tendency to repeat an apparently bad decision
or allocate more resources to a failing course of action
✔✔Ethics - ✔✔the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions
are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad
✔✔Evaluation Apprehension - ✔✔a decision-making problem that occurs when
individuals are reluctant to mention ideas that seem silly because they believe (often
correctly) that other team members are silently evaluating them
✔✔Evidence-based Management - ✔✔the practice of making decisions and taking
actions based on research evidence
✔✔exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model - ✔✔the four ways, as indicated in the
name, that employees respond to job dissatisfaction
✔✔Expectancy Theory - ✔✔a motivation theory based on the idea that work effort is
directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes
✔✔Extraversion - ✔✔A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable,
gregarious, and assertive
✔✔False-Consensus Effect - ✔✔a perceptual error in which we overestimate the extent
to which others have beliefs and characteristics similar to our own
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Categorical Thinking - ✔✔organizing people and objects into preconceived
categories that are stored in our long-term memory
✔✔Ceremonies - ✔✔planned displays of organizational culture, conducted specifically
for the benefit of an audience
✔✔Cognitive Dissonance - ✔✔emotional experience caused by a perception that our
beliefs, feelings, and behaviour are incongruent with each other
✔✔Collectivism - ✔✔a cross-cultural value describing the degree to which people in a
culture emphasize duty to groups to which they belong and to group harmony
✔✔Communication - ✔✔the process by which information is transmitted and
understood between two or more people
✔✔Confirmation Bias - ✔✔the process of screening out information that is contrary to
our values and assumptions and to more readily accept confirming information
✔✔Conflict - ✔✔process in which one party perceives that its interests are being
opposed or negatively affected by another party
✔✔Conscientiousness - ✔✔a personality dimension describing people who are
organized, dependable, goal-focused, thorough, disciplined, methodical, and industrious
✔✔Contact Hypothesis - ✔✔a theory stating that the more we interact with someone,
the less prejudiced or perceptually biased we will be against that person
✔✔Continuance Commitment - ✔✔an individual's calculative attachment to an
organization
✔✔Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - ✔✔organizational activities intended to
benefit society and the environment beyond the firm's immediate financial interests or
legal obligations
✔✔counterproductive work behaviors - ✔✔voluntary behaviors that have the potential to
directly or indirectly harm the organization
✔✔Creativity - ✔✔the development of original ideas that make a socially recognized
contribution
,✔✔Decision Making - ✔✔the conscious process of making choices among alternatives
with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs
✔✔Deep-Level Diversity - ✔✔differences in the psychological characteristics of
employees, including personalities, beliefs, values, and attitudes
✔✔Distributive Justice - ✔✔perceived fairness in the individual's ratio of outcomes to
contributions relative to a comparison other's ratio of outcomes to contributions
✔✔Distributive Situation - ✔✔When the goals of two or more people are zero-sum so
that one can gain only at the other's expense
✔✔Divergent Thinking - ✔✔reframing a problem in a unique way and generating
different approaches to the issue
✔✔Drives - ✔✔hardwired characteristics of the brain that correct deficiencies or
maintain an internal equilibrium by producing emotions to energize individuals
✔✔Electronic Brainstorming - ✔✔a form of brainstorming that relies on networked
computers for submitting and sharing creative ideas
✔✔Emotional Contagion - ✔✔the nonconscious process of "catching" or sharing
another person's emotions by mimicking that person's facial expressions and other
nonverbal behavior
✔✔Emotional Dissonance - ✔✔the psychological tension experienced when the
emotions people are required to display are quite different from the emotions they
actually experience at that moment
✔✔Emotional Intelligence (EI) - ✔✔a set of abilities to perceive and express emotion,
assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate
emotion in oneself and others
✔✔Emotional Labour - ✔✔the effort, planning, and control needed to express
organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions
✔✔Emotions - ✔✔physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes experienced
toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness
✔✔Empathy - ✔✔person's understanding of and sensitivity to the feelings, thoughts,
and situations of others
, ✔✔Employee Engagement - ✔✔individual's emotional and cognitive motivation,
particularly a focused, intense, persistent, and purposive effort toward work-related
goals
✔✔Employee Involvement - ✔✔the degree to which employees influence how their
work is organized and carried out
✔✔Employee Share Ownership Plans - ✔✔A reward system that encourages
employees to buy company shares
✔✔Empowerment - ✔✔a psychological concept in which people experience more self-
determination, meaning, competence, and impact regarding their role in the
organization
✔✔Equity Theory - ✔✔a theory explaining how people develop perceptions of fairness
in the distribution and exchange of resources
✔✔Escalation of Commitment - ✔✔the tendency to repeat an apparently bad decision
or allocate more resources to a failing course of action
✔✔Ethics - ✔✔the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions
are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad
✔✔Evaluation Apprehension - ✔✔a decision-making problem that occurs when
individuals are reluctant to mention ideas that seem silly because they believe (often
correctly) that other team members are silently evaluating them
✔✔Evidence-based Management - ✔✔the practice of making decisions and taking
actions based on research evidence
✔✔exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model - ✔✔the four ways, as indicated in the
name, that employees respond to job dissatisfaction
✔✔Expectancy Theory - ✔✔a motivation theory based on the idea that work effort is
directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes
✔✔Extraversion - ✔✔A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable,
gregarious, and assertive
✔✔False-Consensus Effect - ✔✔a perceptual error in which we overestimate the extent
to which others have beliefs and characteristics similar to our own
