ORGB 364 LATEST 2026 MAIN FINALS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔what are relationship capital stakeholders? - ✔✔value derived from an organizations
relationship with customers, suppliers, and others who add mutual value
✔✔define work-life balance - ✔✔an idealized state whereby a person optimizes time
and psychological resources between their work and non-work roles
✔✔what are the 4 major social developments facing organizations? - ✔✔technological
change, globalization, emerging employment relationships, and increasing workforce
diversity
✔✔what are the 2 key features of organizations? - ✔✔1) they are collective entities
2) members have a collective sense of purpose
✔✔difference between remote work vs. telework - ✔✔remote work is when employees
work away from the organizations traditional common worksite vs. telework is when
employees work form home or other non-work settings one or more days per month
✔✔4 reasons why corporate leaders embrace fads instead of researched OB methods -
✔✔1. due to being bombarded with several ideas from many resources (hard to
decipher which has good evidence)
2. OB research is generic
3. sources of fads may be rewarded for marketing their ideas
4. perceptual errors and decision-making biases
✔✔best way to measure organizational effectiveness is based off of what 4
perspectives? - ✔✔open systems, organizational learning, high performance work
practices, stakeholders
✔✔what are the 3 indicators of effective transformation? - ✔✔- efficiency
- adaptability
- innovativeness
✔✔4 most discussed HPWP - ✔✔- employee involvement
- job autonomy
- competency development
-rewards for performance and competency development
✔✔what is the triple bottom line philosophy? - ✔✔try to support or earn positive returns
in the economic, social, and environmental spheres of sustainability
,✔✔examples of inputs and outputs in the open systems perspective - ✔✔inputs: raw
materials, human resources, information, financial resources, equipment
outputs: product/services, shareholders dividends, community support, waste/ pollution
✔✔what are the 4 factors that directly influence individual behaviour and performance?
- ✔✔MARS
motivation
ability
role perception
situational factors
✔✔briefly define motivation (MARS) - ✔✔the forces within a person that affect his or her
direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. It is a force, not their actual
behaviour
✔✔briefly define ability (MARS) - ✔✔the natural aptitudes and learned capabilities
required to successfully complete a task
✔✔briefly define role perceptions (MARS) - ✔✔the extent to which people understand
the job duties (roles) assigned to them or expected of them
✔✔briefly define situational factors (MARS) - ✔✔conditions beyond the employees
immediate control that constrain or facilitate behaviour and performance
✔✔what are the 5 types of individual behaviours in organizations? - ✔✔task
performance
organizational citizenship
counterproductive work behaviours
joining and staying with the organization
maintaining work attendance
✔✔define task performance - ✔✔goal-directed behaviors under individuals control that
support organizational objectives. it includes proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity
✔✔define organizational citizenship behaviours - ✔✔consists of various forms of
cooperation and helpfulness to others that support the organizations social and
psychological context
✔✔define counterproductive work behaviour - ✔✔voluntary behaviours that have the
potential to directly or indirectly harm the organization
✔✔define joining and staying with the organization - ✔✔becoming/ remaining a member
of organizations
,✔✔define maintaining work attendence - ✔✔minimizing absenteeism when capable of
work/ avoiding work when not fit
✔✔what are the "big five" personality dimensions - ✔✔conscientiousness,
agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion (CANOE)
✔✔Define personality - ✔✔relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and
behaviours that characterize a person, along with the psychological process behind
those characteristics
developed through hereditary (nature) and socialization (nurture)
✔✔what are conscientiousness and extraversion the best predictors of - ✔✔job
performance
✔✔what are extraversion and openness to experience the best predictors of -
✔✔adaptive and proactive performance
✔✔what does MBTI stand for and what are the 4 types (and their competing
orientations) - ✔✔Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
- competing orientations for energy (introversion vs. extraversion
-perceiving information (senses vs. intuiting)
-processing information and making decisions (thinking vs feelings)
-orienting to the external world (judging vs. perceiving)
✔✔what is the MBTI used for? what is it based off of? - ✔✔improving self-awareness for
career development and mutual understanding. poor preditor of job performance.
it is based on Jungian personality theory
✔✔define values - ✔✔vales are stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences for
outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations. they are formed from
socialization (rather than hereditary)
✔✔what is Schwartz model? - ✔✔it organizes 57 values into a circumplex along two
bipolar dimensions, from openness to change to conversation, and from self-
enhancement to self transcendence
✔✔in what 3 ways do values influence behaviours - ✔✔-shaping the attractiveness of
choices
-framing perceptions of reality
-aligning behavior with self-concept and self-presentation
✔✔what is values congruence? - ✔✔values congruence refers to how similar a persons
values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another source (organization, team, etc.)
, ✔✔describe and define three ethical principles - ✔✔-utilitarianism (the greatest good for
the greatest number)
-individual rights (upholding of natural rights)
-distributive justice (same or proportional benefits and burdens)
✔✔what are two influences on ethical behaviour? - ✔✔-moral intensity (the degree to
which an issue demands the application of ethical principles)
-situational forces
✔✔what are 5 values commonly studied across Canada? (define) - ✔✔individualism-
valuing uniqueness and independence
collectivism- valuing in duty in groups and group harmony
power distance- valuing unequal power distribution
uncertainty avoidance- tolerating or feeling threatened by ambiguity
achievement-nurturing orientation- valuing competition vs. cooperation
✔✔give some examples of similarities and difference between values and personality
traits within Canada - ✔✔-anglophones and francophones have differences in authority,
moral permissiveness
-regions of Canada differ from one another on values (egalitarianism in Atlantic
Canada/Quebec, and personal responsibility stronger in prairie provinces) and
personality traits (openness to experience and emotional stability are highest in BC and
lowest in Quebec)
✔✔define egalitarian - ✔✔belief that all people deserve equal rights and opportunity
✔✔define agreeableness - ✔✔people who are trusting, helpful, good-natured,
considerate, tolerant, selfless, generous and flexible
✔✔what 2 main influences does situation have on individual behaviour and
performance? - ✔✔-the work context contains or facilitate behaviour and performance
-the work environment provides cues to guide and motivate people
✔✔define mindfulness - ✔✔a persons receptive and impartial attention to and
awareness of the present situation as well as to ones own thoughts and emotions in the
moment
greater mindfulness- higher moral sensitivity
✔✔define neuroticism - ✔✔people who tend to be anxious, insecure, self-conscious,
depressed and temperamental
✔✔define executive function - ✔✔part of our brain that monitors and regulates goal-
directed behaviour to keep in consistent with our self-concept
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔what are relationship capital stakeholders? - ✔✔value derived from an organizations
relationship with customers, suppliers, and others who add mutual value
✔✔define work-life balance - ✔✔an idealized state whereby a person optimizes time
and psychological resources between their work and non-work roles
✔✔what are the 4 major social developments facing organizations? - ✔✔technological
change, globalization, emerging employment relationships, and increasing workforce
diversity
✔✔what are the 2 key features of organizations? - ✔✔1) they are collective entities
2) members have a collective sense of purpose
✔✔difference between remote work vs. telework - ✔✔remote work is when employees
work away from the organizations traditional common worksite vs. telework is when
employees work form home or other non-work settings one or more days per month
✔✔4 reasons why corporate leaders embrace fads instead of researched OB methods -
✔✔1. due to being bombarded with several ideas from many resources (hard to
decipher which has good evidence)
2. OB research is generic
3. sources of fads may be rewarded for marketing their ideas
4. perceptual errors and decision-making biases
✔✔best way to measure organizational effectiveness is based off of what 4
perspectives? - ✔✔open systems, organizational learning, high performance work
practices, stakeholders
✔✔what are the 3 indicators of effective transformation? - ✔✔- efficiency
- adaptability
- innovativeness
✔✔4 most discussed HPWP - ✔✔- employee involvement
- job autonomy
- competency development
-rewards for performance and competency development
✔✔what is the triple bottom line philosophy? - ✔✔try to support or earn positive returns
in the economic, social, and environmental spheres of sustainability
,✔✔examples of inputs and outputs in the open systems perspective - ✔✔inputs: raw
materials, human resources, information, financial resources, equipment
outputs: product/services, shareholders dividends, community support, waste/ pollution
✔✔what are the 4 factors that directly influence individual behaviour and performance?
- ✔✔MARS
motivation
ability
role perception
situational factors
✔✔briefly define motivation (MARS) - ✔✔the forces within a person that affect his or her
direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. It is a force, not their actual
behaviour
✔✔briefly define ability (MARS) - ✔✔the natural aptitudes and learned capabilities
required to successfully complete a task
✔✔briefly define role perceptions (MARS) - ✔✔the extent to which people understand
the job duties (roles) assigned to them or expected of them
✔✔briefly define situational factors (MARS) - ✔✔conditions beyond the employees
immediate control that constrain or facilitate behaviour and performance
✔✔what are the 5 types of individual behaviours in organizations? - ✔✔task
performance
organizational citizenship
counterproductive work behaviours
joining and staying with the organization
maintaining work attendance
✔✔define task performance - ✔✔goal-directed behaviors under individuals control that
support organizational objectives. it includes proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity
✔✔define organizational citizenship behaviours - ✔✔consists of various forms of
cooperation and helpfulness to others that support the organizations social and
psychological context
✔✔define counterproductive work behaviour - ✔✔voluntary behaviours that have the
potential to directly or indirectly harm the organization
✔✔define joining and staying with the organization - ✔✔becoming/ remaining a member
of organizations
,✔✔define maintaining work attendence - ✔✔minimizing absenteeism when capable of
work/ avoiding work when not fit
✔✔what are the "big five" personality dimensions - ✔✔conscientiousness,
agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion (CANOE)
✔✔Define personality - ✔✔relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and
behaviours that characterize a person, along with the psychological process behind
those characteristics
developed through hereditary (nature) and socialization (nurture)
✔✔what are conscientiousness and extraversion the best predictors of - ✔✔job
performance
✔✔what are extraversion and openness to experience the best predictors of -
✔✔adaptive and proactive performance
✔✔what does MBTI stand for and what are the 4 types (and their competing
orientations) - ✔✔Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
- competing orientations for energy (introversion vs. extraversion
-perceiving information (senses vs. intuiting)
-processing information and making decisions (thinking vs feelings)
-orienting to the external world (judging vs. perceiving)
✔✔what is the MBTI used for? what is it based off of? - ✔✔improving self-awareness for
career development and mutual understanding. poor preditor of job performance.
it is based on Jungian personality theory
✔✔define values - ✔✔vales are stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences for
outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations. they are formed from
socialization (rather than hereditary)
✔✔what is Schwartz model? - ✔✔it organizes 57 values into a circumplex along two
bipolar dimensions, from openness to change to conversation, and from self-
enhancement to self transcendence
✔✔in what 3 ways do values influence behaviours - ✔✔-shaping the attractiveness of
choices
-framing perceptions of reality
-aligning behavior with self-concept and self-presentation
✔✔what is values congruence? - ✔✔values congruence refers to how similar a persons
values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another source (organization, team, etc.)
, ✔✔describe and define three ethical principles - ✔✔-utilitarianism (the greatest good for
the greatest number)
-individual rights (upholding of natural rights)
-distributive justice (same or proportional benefits and burdens)
✔✔what are two influences on ethical behaviour? - ✔✔-moral intensity (the degree to
which an issue demands the application of ethical principles)
-situational forces
✔✔what are 5 values commonly studied across Canada? (define) - ✔✔individualism-
valuing uniqueness and independence
collectivism- valuing in duty in groups and group harmony
power distance- valuing unequal power distribution
uncertainty avoidance- tolerating or feeling threatened by ambiguity
achievement-nurturing orientation- valuing competition vs. cooperation
✔✔give some examples of similarities and difference between values and personality
traits within Canada - ✔✔-anglophones and francophones have differences in authority,
moral permissiveness
-regions of Canada differ from one another on values (egalitarianism in Atlantic
Canada/Quebec, and personal responsibility stronger in prairie provinces) and
personality traits (openness to experience and emotional stability are highest in BC and
lowest in Quebec)
✔✔define egalitarian - ✔✔belief that all people deserve equal rights and opportunity
✔✔define agreeableness - ✔✔people who are trusting, helpful, good-natured,
considerate, tolerant, selfless, generous and flexible
✔✔what 2 main influences does situation have on individual behaviour and
performance? - ✔✔-the work context contains or facilitate behaviour and performance
-the work environment provides cues to guide and motivate people
✔✔define mindfulness - ✔✔a persons receptive and impartial attention to and
awareness of the present situation as well as to ones own thoughts and emotions in the
moment
greater mindfulness- higher moral sensitivity
✔✔define neuroticism - ✔✔people who tend to be anxious, insecure, self-conscious,
depressed and temperamental
✔✔define executive function - ✔✔part of our brain that monitors and regulates goal-
directed behaviour to keep in consistent with our self-concept
