NAGELHOUT PHARMACOLOGY 1 EXAM 1
EXAMINATION SCRIPT FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTION BUNDLE
●● Pharmacokinetics
Answer: "what the body does to the drug" - asborption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
●● Pharmaceutics
Answer: the formulation and preparation of drugs
●● Pharacoeconomics
Answer: the study of the economic impact of drugs
●● Toxicology
Answer: study of harmful effects of chemicals; pharmacology of high
doses
●● Pharmacognosy
Answer: The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and
animal sources.
,●● Pharmacy
Answer: the study of preparing and dispensing drugs
●● Pharmacogenetics
Answer: genetic influences by and on drugs
●● Pharacodynamics
Answer: what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
●● Pharacogenomics
Answer: discrete genetic differences among individuals
●● Pharmacoepidemiology
Answer: the study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of
people
●● What are the 2 types of ligands?
Answer: Agonists and Antagonists
●● What does an agonist drug do?
Answer: Binds to a receptor and causes a response
,●● What does an antagonist do?
Answer: binds to a receptor and BLOCKS the function that receptor
serves
●● What is competitive binding?
Answer: reversible (most drugs); as drug wears off, there will be a
higher concentration of something else in the body that will bind to
those receptors. These drugs possess a weak affinity for the receptors.
●● What is non-competitive binding?
Answer: Non-reversible; once it binds it is there forever. Possesses a
strong affinity, cannot be displaced. Example: aspirin to platelets
●● True or False: Complete saturation of available receptors with drug
molecules is not necessary for desired response?
Answer: True
●● List chemical bonds from strongest to weakest:
Answer: Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen, Hydrophobic, Van der Waals
●● What 4 properties are on a dose response curve?
Answer: Affinity (potency), Efficacy, Variability, Slope
, ●● ED50
Answer: Effective dose in 50% of the population
●● TD50
Answer: toxic dose in 50% of the population
●● LD50
Answer: lethal dose for 50% of the population
●● What is the therapeutic index?
Answer: LD50/ED50
●● What is the therapeutic window?
Answer: TD50/ED50; estimation of drug dosage which can treat disease
effectively while staying within the safety range
●● Do you want a higher or a lower therapeutic index? Why?
Answer: Higher; means it takes "x" times as much of the drug to kill the
patient as it does to treat them effectively
●● How would the addition of an opioid antagonist affect the dose
response curve of an opioid?
EXAMINATION SCRIPT FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTION BUNDLE
●● Pharmacokinetics
Answer: "what the body does to the drug" - asborption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
●● Pharmaceutics
Answer: the formulation and preparation of drugs
●● Pharacoeconomics
Answer: the study of the economic impact of drugs
●● Toxicology
Answer: study of harmful effects of chemicals; pharmacology of high
doses
●● Pharmacognosy
Answer: The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and
animal sources.
,●● Pharmacy
Answer: the study of preparing and dispensing drugs
●● Pharmacogenetics
Answer: genetic influences by and on drugs
●● Pharacodynamics
Answer: what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
●● Pharacogenomics
Answer: discrete genetic differences among individuals
●● Pharmacoepidemiology
Answer: the study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of
people
●● What are the 2 types of ligands?
Answer: Agonists and Antagonists
●● What does an agonist drug do?
Answer: Binds to a receptor and causes a response
,●● What does an antagonist do?
Answer: binds to a receptor and BLOCKS the function that receptor
serves
●● What is competitive binding?
Answer: reversible (most drugs); as drug wears off, there will be a
higher concentration of something else in the body that will bind to
those receptors. These drugs possess a weak affinity for the receptors.
●● What is non-competitive binding?
Answer: Non-reversible; once it binds it is there forever. Possesses a
strong affinity, cannot be displaced. Example: aspirin to platelets
●● True or False: Complete saturation of available receptors with drug
molecules is not necessary for desired response?
Answer: True
●● List chemical bonds from strongest to weakest:
Answer: Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen, Hydrophobic, Van der Waals
●● What 4 properties are on a dose response curve?
Answer: Affinity (potency), Efficacy, Variability, Slope
, ●● ED50
Answer: Effective dose in 50% of the population
●● TD50
Answer: toxic dose in 50% of the population
●● LD50
Answer: lethal dose for 50% of the population
●● What is the therapeutic index?
Answer: LD50/ED50
●● What is the therapeutic window?
Answer: TD50/ED50; estimation of drug dosage which can treat disease
effectively while staying within the safety range
●● Do you want a higher or a lower therapeutic index? Why?
Answer: Higher; means it takes "x" times as much of the drug to kill the
patient as it does to treat them effectively
●● How would the addition of an opioid antagonist affect the dose
response curve of an opioid?
