Jersey College A&P The Nervous System exam questions with answers

Jersey College A&P The Nervous System
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exam questions with answers |\ |\ |\




what are 4 roles of the nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔coordinates all body systems, detects and responds to stimuli
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(changes), brain and spinal cord act as switching centers, nerves
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carry messages to and from centers
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what are the 2 structural divisions of the nervous system? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the central nervous system (CNS) and
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the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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what does the CNS contain? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the brain
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and spinal cord
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what does the PNS contain? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔all the
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nerves outside of the CNS: the cranial and spinal nerves
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what is the difference between the cranial and spinal nerves? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cranial nerves carry impulses to and
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from the brain; spinal nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal
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cord

,what are the two functional subdivisions of the peripheral nervous
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system (PNS)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔somatic nervous system
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(SNS) and autonomic/visceral nervous system (ANS)
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effector - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔any tissue or organ that carries
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out a nervous system command, all of which are muscles or glands
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somatic nervous system (SNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔*control*: voluntary |\




*effectors*: skeletal muscle |\ |\




autonomic nervous system (ANS) - CORRECT ANSWERS|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔*control*: involuntary |\




*effectors*: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
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what other name is the autonomic nervous system referred to as
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and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the visceral nervous system
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because its effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands,
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which are found in the soft body organs, the viscera
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could dividing the PNS and its effectors by function be misleading? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔yes, because the diaphragm, a skeletal
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muscle, typically functions in breathing without conscious thought;
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,also, we have certain rapid reflex responses involving skeletal
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muscles that do not involve the brain
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can people be trained to consciously control involuntary functions? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔yes, people can learn to control blood
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pressure and heart rate by training techniques known as
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biofeedback


what is the difference between neurons and nerves? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔neurons are the conducting cell of the nervous
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system; nerves are bundles of neuron fibers outside of the central
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nervous system (CNS) |\ |\




what is a distinguishing feature of neurons? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔dendrites and axons: the long, threadlike fibers that extend out
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from the cell body and carry impulses across the cell
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what are the 3 structures of a neuron? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔dendrites, axons, myelin sheath |\ |\ |\




what are the similarities and differences between dendrites and
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axons? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔both are neuron fibers the carry
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impulses across the cell; dendrites conduct impulses *to* the cell
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body; axons conduct impulses *away from* the cell body
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, dendrites - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*description*: highly
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branched, tree-like appearance |\ |\




*function*: receptors in the nervous system, that is, they receive a
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stimulus that begins a neural pathway; carry impulses to the cell
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body


axons - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*description*: a neuron has only
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1 axon, which can extend up to 1 m and give off many branches
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*function*: carry impulses away from the cell body; these impulses
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may be delivered to another neuron, to a muscle, or to a gland
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the myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*description*: some
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axons are covered with this whitish, fatty substance called myelin
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*function*: myelin insulates and protects the fiber|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




myelinated vs. nonmyelinated - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔myelinated axons are called white fibers and are found in *white |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



matter* of the brain and spinal cord as well as most nerves
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throughout the body; the fibers and cell bodies of the *gray matter*
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are not covered with myelin
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PNS myelin sheath vs. CNS myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔in the *PNS*, myelin is actually entire cells, known as schwann
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