HFHS Critical Care Exam questions with correct answers
Normal Length for PR, QRS, and QT intervals. - correct questions and answersPR 0.12-0.20 sec,
QRS 0.08-0.12 sec, and QT interval less than or = to 450 ms or half the R-R interval
Big box on ECG readings = ___ seconds? - correct questions and answers0.20 seconds
Little boxes on ECG readings = ____ seconds? - correct questions and answers0.04 seconds
The mA that achieves capture is the _______ _________ - correct questions and answerspacing
threshold
Defibrillation energy settings (biphasic and monophasic) - correct questions and
answersbiphasic 120-200 j and monophasic 360 j
Synchronized Cardioversion energy settings for SVT or aflutter, for afib, and for monomorphic VT
(biphasic and monophasic) - correct questions and answersSVT or aflutter-biphasic 50-100 j &
monophasic 200 j
Afib-biphasic 120-200 j & monophasic 200 j
Monomorphic VT-biphasic 100 j & monophasic 100 j
Vtach treatment - correct questions and answersSynchronized cardioversion and Antiarrhythmic
such as Amiodarone (150-300 mg) and/or lidocaine
Vfib treatment - correct questions and answersDefibrillation also can load them up with
Amiodarone
,SVT treatment - correct questions and answersVasovagal maneuvers, carotid massage,
Adenosine (if BP is good) 6 mg for first dose and then 12 mg for the second dose, or
synchronized cardioversion
Torsades treatment - correct questions and answersSynchronized cardioverison (if regular) or
defibrillation (if irregular) and administer Mg (treating underlying cause)
Anatomical location of Cardiac Assessment Landmarks - correct questions and answers
Pulse pressure calculation - correct questions and answersDifference between the systolic and
diastolic pressure for example 120/60 the pulse pressure is 60!
Cardiac output normal values - correct questions and answers4-8 Liters per minute (formula is
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate)
Cardiac Index normal values - correct questions and answers2.5-4 L/min/m2 (formula is Cardiac
output divided by Body Surface Area aka need ht and wt)
Central Venous Pressure or Right Atrial Pressure normal values - correct questions and
answers2-6 mmHg or 2-8 cm H2O
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (PAP) normal values - correct questions and answersPulmonary
Artery Systolic (PAS) 15-30 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) 5-15 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) 9-18 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) AKA Wedge normal values - correct questions and
answersSimilar to CVP or RAP and the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure will reflect this value
closely... PAOP 6-12 mmHg
, Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) normal values - correct questions and answers800-1200
Ejection Fraction normal value - correct questions and answers65-75%
SVO2 normal values - correct questions and answers60-80
PA Pressure considerations - correct questions and answersMeasure PAS and PAD @ the end of
expiration
Causes of decreased PAP, CVP/RAP, PAOP - correct questions and answerscauses of decreased
Hypovolemia and venodilation
Causes of increased PAP - correct questions and answershypervolemia, increased peripheral
vascular resistance (due to decreased PaO2, PE, COPD, ARDS, Pulm HTN), mitral stenosis/insuff,
aortic stenosis, LV ischemia, infarct, failure, pericardial tamponade, increased intrapleural
pressure due to PEEP, auto PEEP, tension pneumo, increased intra-abdominal pressure, left-to-
right intracardiac shunt.
Causes of increased CVP/RAP - correct questions and answersHypervolemia, impedance to RA
emptying due to: tricuspid stenosis, RV ischemia/infarct/failure, increased PVR (due to
decreased PaO2, PE, COPD, ARDS, Pulm HTN), mitral stenosis/insuff, Aortic stenosis, LV
ischemia/infarct/failure, pericardial tamponade, increased intrapleural pressure due to: PEEP,
auto PEEP, tension pneumo, and increased intra-abd pressure
Causes of increased PAOP - correct questions and answersHypervolemia, impedance to LA
emptying: Mitral stenosis/insuff, aortic stenosis, LV ischemia/infarct/failure, & pericardial
tamponade. increased intrapleural pressure due to: PEEP, auto PEEP, tension pneumo, intra-abd
HTN. Left-to-right intracardiac shunt
Normal Length for PR, QRS, and QT intervals. - correct questions and answersPR 0.12-0.20 sec,
QRS 0.08-0.12 sec, and QT interval less than or = to 450 ms or half the R-R interval
Big box on ECG readings = ___ seconds? - correct questions and answers0.20 seconds
Little boxes on ECG readings = ____ seconds? - correct questions and answers0.04 seconds
The mA that achieves capture is the _______ _________ - correct questions and answerspacing
threshold
Defibrillation energy settings (biphasic and monophasic) - correct questions and
answersbiphasic 120-200 j and monophasic 360 j
Synchronized Cardioversion energy settings for SVT or aflutter, for afib, and for monomorphic VT
(biphasic and monophasic) - correct questions and answersSVT or aflutter-biphasic 50-100 j &
monophasic 200 j
Afib-biphasic 120-200 j & monophasic 200 j
Monomorphic VT-biphasic 100 j & monophasic 100 j
Vtach treatment - correct questions and answersSynchronized cardioversion and Antiarrhythmic
such as Amiodarone (150-300 mg) and/or lidocaine
Vfib treatment - correct questions and answersDefibrillation also can load them up with
Amiodarone
,SVT treatment - correct questions and answersVasovagal maneuvers, carotid massage,
Adenosine (if BP is good) 6 mg for first dose and then 12 mg for the second dose, or
synchronized cardioversion
Torsades treatment - correct questions and answersSynchronized cardioverison (if regular) or
defibrillation (if irregular) and administer Mg (treating underlying cause)
Anatomical location of Cardiac Assessment Landmarks - correct questions and answers
Pulse pressure calculation - correct questions and answersDifference between the systolic and
diastolic pressure for example 120/60 the pulse pressure is 60!
Cardiac output normal values - correct questions and answers4-8 Liters per minute (formula is
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate)
Cardiac Index normal values - correct questions and answers2.5-4 L/min/m2 (formula is Cardiac
output divided by Body Surface Area aka need ht and wt)
Central Venous Pressure or Right Atrial Pressure normal values - correct questions and
answers2-6 mmHg or 2-8 cm H2O
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (PAP) normal values - correct questions and answersPulmonary
Artery Systolic (PAS) 15-30 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) 5-15 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) 9-18 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) AKA Wedge normal values - correct questions and
answersSimilar to CVP or RAP and the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure will reflect this value
closely... PAOP 6-12 mmHg
, Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) normal values - correct questions and answers800-1200
Ejection Fraction normal value - correct questions and answers65-75%
SVO2 normal values - correct questions and answers60-80
PA Pressure considerations - correct questions and answersMeasure PAS and PAD @ the end of
expiration
Causes of decreased PAP, CVP/RAP, PAOP - correct questions and answerscauses of decreased
Hypovolemia and venodilation
Causes of increased PAP - correct questions and answershypervolemia, increased peripheral
vascular resistance (due to decreased PaO2, PE, COPD, ARDS, Pulm HTN), mitral stenosis/insuff,
aortic stenosis, LV ischemia, infarct, failure, pericardial tamponade, increased intrapleural
pressure due to PEEP, auto PEEP, tension pneumo, increased intra-abdominal pressure, left-to-
right intracardiac shunt.
Causes of increased CVP/RAP - correct questions and answersHypervolemia, impedance to RA
emptying due to: tricuspid stenosis, RV ischemia/infarct/failure, increased PVR (due to
decreased PaO2, PE, COPD, ARDS, Pulm HTN), mitral stenosis/insuff, Aortic stenosis, LV
ischemia/infarct/failure, pericardial tamponade, increased intrapleural pressure due to: PEEP,
auto PEEP, tension pneumo, and increased intra-abd pressure
Causes of increased PAOP - correct questions and answersHypervolemia, impedance to LA
emptying: Mitral stenosis/insuff, aortic stenosis, LV ischemia/infarct/failure, & pericardial
tamponade. increased intrapleural pressure due to: PEEP, auto PEEP, tension pneumo, intra-abd
HTN. Left-to-right intracardiac shunt
