NR 293 Pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide: Nursing Process, Drug Classes & Dosage Calculations

NR 293 Pharmacology for Nursing
Content Areas to Review for Exam 1
All n,Reading n,Assignments, n,(ATI), n,Lecture n,Materials, n,handouts n,are n,all n,testable n,material. n,Be n,prepared
n,for n,math n,question n, such n,as n,dosage n,calculations.




Apply n,Nursing n,Considerations n,(to n,the n,drugs/drug n,classes n,listed n,below)
• Assessments n,to n,include n,vital n,signs, n,physical n,assessment, n,labs
• Drug n,administration: n,safety, n,route n,considerations
• Drug n,toxicity n,(signs/symptoms) n,and n,antidote n,if n,applicable
• Patient n,teaching n,(ex. n,nutrition, n,adverse n,effects, n,infusion n,considerations, n,laboratory n,reviews)
• Health n,care n,collaboration
• Nursing n,process

Things n,to n,Consider:
- Know n,the n,GENERIC n,names - n,Grapefruit n,juice n,is n,usually n,a n,good n,bet
- Common n,Side n,Effect n,= n,HEADACHE/ n,GI n,UPSET
- herbal n,supplements n,that n,start n,with n,G n,(ex. n,garlic, n,ginger, n,gingko n,biloba) n,T n,risk n,of n,bleeding
- most n,meds n,are n,contraindicated n,for n,pregnancy
- pt n,should n,not n,stop n,meds n,suddenly n,& n,if n,dose n,is n,missed n,don’t n,double n,dose
- alcohol n,should n,not n,be n,consumed n,w/ n,most n,meds - n,gram n,+ n,= n,staph n,& n,strep



Chapter 1: The Nursing Process and Drug Therapy
n, n, n, n, n, n, n,




**5-9 n,Rights n,of n,Medicationn,Administration n,with n,ability n,to n,determine n,which n,“right” n,was n,not n,followed.
Right n,Client n,(uses n,2 n,patient n,identifiers n,ex. n,name, n,DOB, n,MR n,number)
Right n,Medication Right n,Route Right n,Dose Right n,Time n , n , Right n,Documentation n,(after n,admin)
Right n,to n,Refuse




Chapter 2: Pharmacological Principles and Chapter 5: Medication Errors
n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n,




*4 n,Phases n,of n,Pharmacokinetics:

1. Absorption n,- n,depends n,on n,route n,of n,administration
EX. n,Oral n,meds n,(takes n,a n,while) n,considerations n,= n,food n,in n,stomach, n,pH n,of n,GI, n,liquid
n,form n,vs n,enteric-coated n,aka n,extended n,release


& n,*first n,pass n,effect n,(oral n,meds n,are n,inactivated n,on n,their n,1st n,pass n,through n,liver,
n,may n, need n,to n,give n,pt n, higher n,dose



Sublingual n,absorbs n,very n,quickly, n,pt n,should n,wait n,until n,its n,completely n,absorbed
Inhalation n,absorbed n,very n,quickly, n,travels n,through n,alveoli
n,

, Intradermal/Topical n,slow n,& n,gradual n,rate n,of n,absorption
IM n,absorption n,depends n,on n,solubility n,of n,the n,med IV n,is n,immediate n,absorption


2. Distribution n,(med n,travels n,to n,site n,of n,action) n,- n,binding n,proteins n,are n,req. n,[ex. n,albumin]

3. Metabolism n,(med n,is n,activated n,or n,broken n,down) n,- n,due n,to n,enzymes; n,primarily n,happens n,in
n,liver n,& n,kidneys, n, lungs, n, bowel, n, blood




Infants n,- n,organs n,are n,immatures n,so n,metab. n,doesn’t n,happen n,effectively n,= n,high n,risk n,of
n,toxicity




Older n,adults’ n,liver/kidneys n,dysfunction n,impacts n,metab. n,& n,slows n,it n,down n,also
n,higher n,risk n, for n,toxicity




4. Excretion n,- n,primarily n,happens n,through n,kidneys



Minimum n,Effective n,Concentration n,(MEC) n,/Therapeutic n,Index

- we n,want n,to n,attempt n,to n,keep n,plasma n,levels n,between n,the n,minimum n,effective n,concentration n,&
n,toxic n,concentration




- certain n,meds n,have n,a n,high n,therapeutic n,index n,(TI) n,aka n,big n,range n,between n,MEC n,& n,toxic n,concentration

-other n,meds n,have n,low n,TI n,making n,therapeutic n,level n,& n,toxic n,level n,very n,close n,together n,(ex.
n,vancomycin) n,there’s n,a n,T n,risk n, for n,toxicity n, so n, blood n,draws n,are n,req. n,to n,check n,trough


n, & n,peak n, levels n,assuring n, you’re n, not n,getting n, into n, toxic n,range




1/2 n,Life n,= n,period n,of n,time n,needed n,for n,med n,to n,be n,reduced n,by n,50%
if n,med n,has n,longer n,½ n,life n,(stays n,in n,body n,longer) n,have n,T n,risk n,of n,toxicity

*Agonists n,vs. n,Antagonist n,Meds
Agonist n,= n,helps n,produce n,an n,action n,[ex. n,morphine n,binds n,w/ n,opioid n,receptors]
Antagonist n,= n,blocks n,normal n,receptor, n,opposing n,action

Routes n,ofn,Administration n,& n,Nursing
n,Considerations


Oral n,Med n,= n,pt n,sitting n,upright n,(Fowler’s n,position) n,may n,need n,to n,mix n,in n,applesauce n,to n,facilitate n,swallowing
- never n,chew n,enteric n,coated n,meds - n,avoid n,grapefruit n,juice - n,administer n,on n,empty n,stomach
- liquid n,form n,of n,meds n,may n,facilitate n,swallowing

Sublingual n,= n,make n,sure n,med n,is n,fully n,absorbed n,before n,pt n,eats n,or n,drinks, n,do n,not n,swallow

n, Transdermal n,= n,assure n,skin n,is n,hairless, n,clean n,& n,thoroughly n,dry; n,also n,rotate n,sites n,(prevents

irritation)
n,




Eye n,Med n,= n,use n,surgical n,aseptic n,technique; n,drop n,med n,in n,center n,conjunctival n,sac n,w/ n,gentle
n,pressure n,for n,30-60 n, sec n, @ n, nasolacrimal n,duct

, Ear n,Med n,= n,lay n,pt n,on n,unaffected n,side n,*Rem. n,for n,Adults n,pull n,auricle n,T n,& n,⟶ n,(out) n , Kids n , is n, n,and n, n,(back)