NSG 2400 SINCLAIR COMMUNITY EXAM 2
FINAL PAPER 2026 STUDY GUIDE DETAILED
ANSWERS READY
◉ Epileptic Causes of SZ.
Answer: -Seizure is congenital in origin: person born w/
disease/disability.
-Also idiopathic: unknown reason causing seizure - genetics are
underlying reason.
-Seizures present d/t congenital issue will be seen in individual
across lifespan
◉ Structural Causes of SZ.
Answer: -Caused by untoward events such as tumors, infections,
scar tissue from an injury, head trauma & stroke.
-Can be transient & resolve once cause is remedied (tumor or scar
tissue removal, resolution of infection, or head trauma)
-May be permanent & disabling
◉ Febrile Causes of SZ.
,Answer: o Caused by ↑ fever.
o Seizure mainly seen in peds pop.
o Believed that some children develop these b/c of ↓ seizure
threshold level & getting ↑ fever exceeds threshold & causes seizure.
◉ Metabolic Causes of SZ.
Answer: o Caused by untoward events:
-Hypoxia events, [prenatally as well]
-abnormal blood chemistry - inability to process certain
minerals/vitamins naturally
-hypoglycemia
-poisonings
-drug OD/sudden w/d of drugs
-alcohol
-certain meds.
◉ ·Status epilepticus.
Answer: A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or
last more than 30 minutes.
,◉ postictal state.
Answer: o Period after seizure.
-Seizure activity & s/s have subsided. Some pts recover immediately
but have no awareness/memory of what happened.
-Other pts can be drowsy, confused, or agitated.
◉ Partial SZ.
Answer: -Limited to one side or hemisphere.
-This seizure activity is seen more in adult-onset epilepsy & tends to
be well controlled w/ medication
-Arise from cerebral cortex, but frontal, temporal, & parietal lobes all
involved
◉ Generalized SZ.
Answer: o Both sides or hemispheres.
o Seen more in peds & adolescent pop. & seizure control is variable
but overall good at 80%.
, ◉ Simple partial sz.
Answer: -Unprovoked & last a few minutes
-Cause no alteration of consciousness, but pt. may experience
sudden & unexplainable feelings of joy, anger, or sadness.
· Motor symptoms:
-Originate from primary motor cortex, located in temporal lobe.
-This area of brain controls muscle movement.
-Most frequent type of simple partial seizure & show signs of tonic
clonic rhythmic alternating contraction & relaxation of muscle
groups.
· Somatosensory symptoms:
-paresthesias (numbness, tingling, pins/needles)
-May be only symptom of seizure.
· Auditory symptoms:
-hearing humming, buzzing, or hissing.
· Visual symptoms:
FINAL PAPER 2026 STUDY GUIDE DETAILED
ANSWERS READY
◉ Epileptic Causes of SZ.
Answer: -Seizure is congenital in origin: person born w/
disease/disability.
-Also idiopathic: unknown reason causing seizure - genetics are
underlying reason.
-Seizures present d/t congenital issue will be seen in individual
across lifespan
◉ Structural Causes of SZ.
Answer: -Caused by untoward events such as tumors, infections,
scar tissue from an injury, head trauma & stroke.
-Can be transient & resolve once cause is remedied (tumor or scar
tissue removal, resolution of infection, or head trauma)
-May be permanent & disabling
◉ Febrile Causes of SZ.
,Answer: o Caused by ↑ fever.
o Seizure mainly seen in peds pop.
o Believed that some children develop these b/c of ↓ seizure
threshold level & getting ↑ fever exceeds threshold & causes seizure.
◉ Metabolic Causes of SZ.
Answer: o Caused by untoward events:
-Hypoxia events, [prenatally as well]
-abnormal blood chemistry - inability to process certain
minerals/vitamins naturally
-hypoglycemia
-poisonings
-drug OD/sudden w/d of drugs
-alcohol
-certain meds.
◉ ·Status epilepticus.
Answer: A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or
last more than 30 minutes.
,◉ postictal state.
Answer: o Period after seizure.
-Seizure activity & s/s have subsided. Some pts recover immediately
but have no awareness/memory of what happened.
-Other pts can be drowsy, confused, or agitated.
◉ Partial SZ.
Answer: -Limited to one side or hemisphere.
-This seizure activity is seen more in adult-onset epilepsy & tends to
be well controlled w/ medication
-Arise from cerebral cortex, but frontal, temporal, & parietal lobes all
involved
◉ Generalized SZ.
Answer: o Both sides or hemispheres.
o Seen more in peds & adolescent pop. & seizure control is variable
but overall good at 80%.
, ◉ Simple partial sz.
Answer: -Unprovoked & last a few minutes
-Cause no alteration of consciousness, but pt. may experience
sudden & unexplainable feelings of joy, anger, or sadness.
· Motor symptoms:
-Originate from primary motor cortex, located in temporal lobe.
-This area of brain controls muscle movement.
-Most frequent type of simple partial seizure & show signs of tonic
clonic rhythmic alternating contraction & relaxation of muscle
groups.
· Somatosensory symptoms:
-paresthesias (numbness, tingling, pins/needles)
-May be only symptom of seizure.
· Auditory symptoms:
-hearing humming, buzzing, or hissing.
· Visual symptoms:
