FIN CERT CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ ions.
Answer: positively/negatively charged atoms(ex. H+)
◍ DNA.
Answer: deoxyribonucleic acid- genetic material of all organisms
◍ prediction.
Answer: a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the outcome
you would observe if your hypothesis was supported
◍ cysteine.
Answer: R group can form S-S disulfide bonds, cross-bridges that connect
same or diff proteinsFACE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER
◍ complex carbohydrate.
Answer: long, branched chains of monosaccharides
◍ double helix.
Answer: 2 strands of complementary nucleotides that coil around each
other- bases point inward
◍ saccharide.
Answer: simple sugars; simplest carbohydrates- linear or cyclic molec w/ 5
or 6 carbon atoms
◍ test group.
Answer: exposed to variable in an experiment
◍ polypeptide.
Answer: polymer of amino acids connected by peptide bonds
◍ theory.
, Answer: a sound explanation of the world supported through continued
observation and experiments over a long period of time
◍ tertiary structure.
Answer: 3-D conformation- several secondary structures- distribution &
interaction of R groups = important- ionic & hydrogen bonds- Van der
Waals forces- hydrophobic interactions- disulfide S-S bridges
◍ transcription.
Answer: synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
◍ 3 special amino acids.
Answer: glycine, proline, cysteine
◍ monosaccharide.
Answer: simplest sugar
◍ chaperones.
Answer: proteins that help protect slow-folding or denatured proteins until
they can attain their proper 3D structure
◍ peptide bond.
Answer: covalent bond that links the carbon atom in the carboxyl group of
one amino acid to the nitrogen atom in the amino group of another amino
acid
◍ why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important
theory in all of biology?.
Answer: there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific
questions(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
◍ 3 unusual properties of water.
Answer: 1. polar molecule --> good solvent2. resistant to temperature
change3. forms hydrogen bonds
◍ cytosine.
Answer: base pairs with guanine in DNA
◍ 7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ ions.
Answer: positively/negatively charged atoms(ex. H+)
◍ DNA.
Answer: deoxyribonucleic acid- genetic material of all organisms
◍ prediction.
Answer: a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the outcome
you would observe if your hypothesis was supported
◍ cysteine.
Answer: R group can form S-S disulfide bonds, cross-bridges that connect
same or diff proteinsFACE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER
◍ complex carbohydrate.
Answer: long, branched chains of monosaccharides
◍ double helix.
Answer: 2 strands of complementary nucleotides that coil around each
other- bases point inward
◍ saccharide.
Answer: simple sugars; simplest carbohydrates- linear or cyclic molec w/ 5
or 6 carbon atoms
◍ test group.
Answer: exposed to variable in an experiment
◍ polypeptide.
Answer: polymer of amino acids connected by peptide bonds
◍ theory.
, Answer: a sound explanation of the world supported through continued
observation and experiments over a long period of time
◍ tertiary structure.
Answer: 3-D conformation- several secondary structures- distribution &
interaction of R groups = important- ionic & hydrogen bonds- Van der
Waals forces- hydrophobic interactions- disulfide S-S bridges
◍ transcription.
Answer: synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
◍ 3 special amino acids.
Answer: glycine, proline, cysteine
◍ monosaccharide.
Answer: simplest sugar
◍ chaperones.
Answer: proteins that help protect slow-folding or denatured proteins until
they can attain their proper 3D structure
◍ peptide bond.
Answer: covalent bond that links the carbon atom in the carboxyl group of
one amino acid to the nitrogen atom in the amino group of another amino
acid
◍ why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important
theory in all of biology?.
Answer: there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific
questions(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
◍ 3 unusual properties of water.
Answer: 1. polar molecule --> good solvent2. resistant to temperature
change3. forms hydrogen bonds
◍ cytosine.
Answer: base pairs with guanine in DNA
◍ 7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms.
