FIN CERT ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ kinesin.
Answer: carries cargo toward the PLUS ends of microtubules
◍ what kind of tissue is the dermis made up of?.
Answer: connective tissue- supports/provides nutrients for epidermis-
provides cushion for body
◍ primary active transport.
Answer: active transport that directly relies on the hydrolysis of ATP
◍ amphipathic.
Answer: having both hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions
◍ are microtubules & microfilaments always changing?.
Answer: yes- they become longer by the addition of subunits to their ends
◍ dynein.
Answer: carries cargo toward the MINUS ends of the microtubules
◍ dermis.
Answer: inner layer of skin- contains fibroblast cells in connective tissue-
contains arteries, nerves, veins, sweat glands (supports epidermis)
◍ ATP.
Answer: adenosine triphosphate- energy molec our cells use to drive
biochemical rxns
◍ examples of intermediate filaments.
Answer: - lamins (blue) provide support for nuclear envelope- keratins (red)
in epithelial cells provide structure/support to cell & surrounding tissues
◍ sodium-potassium pump.
, Answer: a CARRIER protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium
ions (Na+) out of a cell & potassium ions (K+) into the cell- 3 sodium for
every 2 potassium- goes against concentration gradient (more sodium
outside of cell, more potassium inside of cell)- helps w/ homeostasis
◍ which part of cholesterol is hydrophilic?.
Answer: hydroxyl group on steroid ring A
◍ key example of PRIMARY active transport.
Answer: sodium-potassium pump
◍ diffusion.
Answer: movement of ALL SUBSTANCES from an area of higher
concentration --> lower concentration
◍ "phago".
Answer: to eat
◍ receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Answer: type of endocytosis where receptor proteins on the cell surface are
used to capture a specific target molecule- enables a cell to acquire bulk
quantities of specific substances (rare)- coated pit helps give vesicle its
rounded shape
◍ dynamic instability.
Answer: [microtubules & microfilaments]- random cycles of rapid shrinkage
(depolymerization) followed by slower growth (polymerization)- important
for allowing spindles to explore the space of a cell & find chromosomes
during cell division- (microfilaments) important for some forms of cell
movement
◍ liposome.
Answer: spherical bilayer structure - forms in aqueous environment at
neutral pH
◍ minus end.
Answer: slow-growing end of a microtubule or microfilament
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ kinesin.
Answer: carries cargo toward the PLUS ends of microtubules
◍ what kind of tissue is the dermis made up of?.
Answer: connective tissue- supports/provides nutrients for epidermis-
provides cushion for body
◍ primary active transport.
Answer: active transport that directly relies on the hydrolysis of ATP
◍ amphipathic.
Answer: having both hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions
◍ are microtubules & microfilaments always changing?.
Answer: yes- they become longer by the addition of subunits to their ends
◍ dynein.
Answer: carries cargo toward the MINUS ends of the microtubules
◍ dermis.
Answer: inner layer of skin- contains fibroblast cells in connective tissue-
contains arteries, nerves, veins, sweat glands (supports epidermis)
◍ ATP.
Answer: adenosine triphosphate- energy molec our cells use to drive
biochemical rxns
◍ examples of intermediate filaments.
Answer: - lamins (blue) provide support for nuclear envelope- keratins (red)
in epithelial cells provide structure/support to cell & surrounding tissues
◍ sodium-potassium pump.
, Answer: a CARRIER protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium
ions (Na+) out of a cell & potassium ions (K+) into the cell- 3 sodium for
every 2 potassium- goes against concentration gradient (more sodium
outside of cell, more potassium inside of cell)- helps w/ homeostasis
◍ which part of cholesterol is hydrophilic?.
Answer: hydroxyl group on steroid ring A
◍ key example of PRIMARY active transport.
Answer: sodium-potassium pump
◍ diffusion.
Answer: movement of ALL SUBSTANCES from an area of higher
concentration --> lower concentration
◍ "phago".
Answer: to eat
◍ receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Answer: type of endocytosis where receptor proteins on the cell surface are
used to capture a specific target molecule- enables a cell to acquire bulk
quantities of specific substances (rare)- coated pit helps give vesicle its
rounded shape
◍ dynamic instability.
Answer: [microtubules & microfilaments]- random cycles of rapid shrinkage
(depolymerization) followed by slower growth (polymerization)- important
for allowing spindles to explore the space of a cell & find chromosomes
during cell division- (microfilaments) important for some forms of cell
movement
◍ liposome.
Answer: spherical bilayer structure - forms in aqueous environment at
neutral pH
◍ minus end.
Answer: slow-growing end of a microtubule or microfilament
