EMS1055 MIDTERM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Know the medical legal responsibilities of an EMR, such as Duty to Act and Standard of
Care - Answers - Duty to Act means that if you are employed by an agency as an EMR
and you are dispatched to the scene of an accident/illness, you have a duty to respond
and render emergency medical care within scope of practice. Standard of Care means
that you must treat the patient to the best of your ability and provide care that is
reasonable for one with similar training to perform under similar circumstances.
Know the levels of patient consent - Answers - Expressed Consent: The patient is of
legal age and verbally or nonverbally accepts treatment.
Implied Consent: The patient does not refuse medical treatment.
Consent for Minors: Under the law, minors are not considered capable of speaking for
themselves.
Consent of Mentally Ill Patients: If a person appears to be a threat to themselves or
others, place under medical care.
Know the pulse points and what blood pressure is required for them to be palpated -
Answers - Radial: 80 sys
Carotid: 60 sys
Femoral: 70 sys
Pedal: 90-100 sys
Know how to open an airway and when you use each method - Answers - Head Tilt
Chin Lift: Do not use with suspected C-Spine injury.
Jaw Thrust Maneuver: Use when a neck injury is suspected.
Know how to measure an OPA and when to use it - Answers - Used in patients with no
gag reflex, measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw.
Know how to measure an NPA and when to use it - Answers - Use on patients with a
gag reflex, measured from the nostril to the tip of the earlobe. Do not use in patients
with a head injury.
Know what FiO2means and how it applies to oxygen devices - Answers - FiO2 is the
percent of O2 being delivered. BVM delivers 90-100% O2 w/ 10-15 LPM. Non-
Rebreather mask delivers 70-90% O2 w/ 10-15 LPM. Venturi mask can deliver various
percentages of O2 w/ 2-15 LPM. Nasal Cannula delivers 25-40% O2 w/ 2-4 LPM.
, Know what the Golden Hour means and how it applies to trauma patients. - Answers -
The time following a traumatic injury when prompt medical treatment has the highest
likelihood to prevent death.
Know the phases of a blast injury and what injuries occur - Answers - Primary: Ears,
Lungs, GI Tract
Secondary: Being propelled, etc.
Tertiary: Impact with hard surface.
Quaternary: Burns from the explosion.
Quinary: Chemical or radioactive material that is released.
Know the names of patient positioning (supine, prone, Fowler's, etc) - Answers -
Supine: Laying down with the chest facing upwards.
Prone: Laying down with the chest facing downwards.
Fowler's: Sitting at a 90º angle.
Semi-Fowler's: Sitting at an angle that is not 90º.
Trendelenburg: Laying down at an angle with the head lower than the body.
Lateral Recumbent: Feet above the heart, laying on the sides.
Recovery Position: Hand under chin, arm bent, leg bent.
Know how to assess for a GCS - Answers - Decorticate is arms flexed upwards, high
brain injury. Deceberate is arms extended downwards, low brain injury.
Know the lung sounds taught in lecture and what they mean. - Answers - Rhonchi:
Buildup of mucus or other fluids.
Wheezes: Asthma, COPD, Anaphylaxis
Rales: Pulmonary Edema, CHF
Stridor: Upper airway obstruction
Know the reasons to stop a primary survey in trauma - Answers - Stop a primary survey
if the scene becomes unsafe, if exsanguinating hemorrhage is present, an airway
obstruction is present, or if the patient enters cardiac arrest.
Know the components of the primary and secondary survey in trauma patients -
Answers - Components of Primary: Initial assessment, rapid trauma survey, critical
interventions and transport decision, contact medical direction.
Components of Secondary: Repeat initial assessment, repeat vital signs and consider
monitors, perform a neurological exam, perform a detailed head to toe exam.
Know what DCAP-BLS-TIC means - Answers - Deformities, contusions, abrasions,
penetrations, burns, lacerations, swelling, tenderness, instability, crepitus.
Know what OPPQRST means and when to use it - Answers - Onset, Provocation,
Palliation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time. Use when assessing pain of a patient.
Know the medical legal responsibilities of an EMR, such as Duty to Act and Standard of
Care - Answers - Duty to Act means that if you are employed by an agency as an EMR
and you are dispatched to the scene of an accident/illness, you have a duty to respond
and render emergency medical care within scope of practice. Standard of Care means
that you must treat the patient to the best of your ability and provide care that is
reasonable for one with similar training to perform under similar circumstances.
Know the levels of patient consent - Answers - Expressed Consent: The patient is of
legal age and verbally or nonverbally accepts treatment.
Implied Consent: The patient does not refuse medical treatment.
Consent for Minors: Under the law, minors are not considered capable of speaking for
themselves.
Consent of Mentally Ill Patients: If a person appears to be a threat to themselves or
others, place under medical care.
Know the pulse points and what blood pressure is required for them to be palpated -
Answers - Radial: 80 sys
Carotid: 60 sys
Femoral: 70 sys
Pedal: 90-100 sys
Know how to open an airway and when you use each method - Answers - Head Tilt
Chin Lift: Do not use with suspected C-Spine injury.
Jaw Thrust Maneuver: Use when a neck injury is suspected.
Know how to measure an OPA and when to use it - Answers - Used in patients with no
gag reflex, measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw.
Know how to measure an NPA and when to use it - Answers - Use on patients with a
gag reflex, measured from the nostril to the tip of the earlobe. Do not use in patients
with a head injury.
Know what FiO2means and how it applies to oxygen devices - Answers - FiO2 is the
percent of O2 being delivered. BVM delivers 90-100% O2 w/ 10-15 LPM. Non-
Rebreather mask delivers 70-90% O2 w/ 10-15 LPM. Venturi mask can deliver various
percentages of O2 w/ 2-15 LPM. Nasal Cannula delivers 25-40% O2 w/ 2-4 LPM.
, Know what the Golden Hour means and how it applies to trauma patients. - Answers -
The time following a traumatic injury when prompt medical treatment has the highest
likelihood to prevent death.
Know the phases of a blast injury and what injuries occur - Answers - Primary: Ears,
Lungs, GI Tract
Secondary: Being propelled, etc.
Tertiary: Impact with hard surface.
Quaternary: Burns from the explosion.
Quinary: Chemical or radioactive material that is released.
Know the names of patient positioning (supine, prone, Fowler's, etc) - Answers -
Supine: Laying down with the chest facing upwards.
Prone: Laying down with the chest facing downwards.
Fowler's: Sitting at a 90º angle.
Semi-Fowler's: Sitting at an angle that is not 90º.
Trendelenburg: Laying down at an angle with the head lower than the body.
Lateral Recumbent: Feet above the heart, laying on the sides.
Recovery Position: Hand under chin, arm bent, leg bent.
Know how to assess for a GCS - Answers - Decorticate is arms flexed upwards, high
brain injury. Deceberate is arms extended downwards, low brain injury.
Know the lung sounds taught in lecture and what they mean. - Answers - Rhonchi:
Buildup of mucus or other fluids.
Wheezes: Asthma, COPD, Anaphylaxis
Rales: Pulmonary Edema, CHF
Stridor: Upper airway obstruction
Know the reasons to stop a primary survey in trauma - Answers - Stop a primary survey
if the scene becomes unsafe, if exsanguinating hemorrhage is present, an airway
obstruction is present, or if the patient enters cardiac arrest.
Know the components of the primary and secondary survey in trauma patients -
Answers - Components of Primary: Initial assessment, rapid trauma survey, critical
interventions and transport decision, contact medical direction.
Components of Secondary: Repeat initial assessment, repeat vital signs and consider
monitors, perform a neurological exam, perform a detailed head to toe exam.
Know what DCAP-BLS-TIC means - Answers - Deformities, contusions, abrasions,
penetrations, burns, lacerations, swelling, tenderness, instability, crepitus.
Know what OPPQRST means and when to use it - Answers - Onset, Provocation,
Palliation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time. Use when assessing pain of a patient.
