Pharmacology - Exam 2 Test Questions with Verified Answers Graded A+
1. Superinfection results when an antibiotic kills normal flora, favoring the appearance of a new
infection that is diflcult to eliminate
- secondary infection after killing normal bacteria
EX: Oral thrush, C. ditt (diarrhea), and vaginal yeast infections
- antimicrobial therapy
2. Classification of -narrow-spectrum
antimicrobial -broad-spectrum
medications -bactericidal medications
-bacteriostatic medications
antimicrobials are used to treat bacteria, viruses, or fungi
3. narrow-spec- ettective against a narrow range of bacteria (only a few types of bacteria are
trum antibiotics sensitive)
- used when the CAUSE of the bacterial infection is KNOWN
4. broad-spectrum ettective against a broad range of bacteria (wide variety of bacteria are sensitive)
antibiotics - can cause superinfection
5. bactericidal kills bacteria directly
- weakens the cell wall (lysis)
- interferes with enzymes
- DISINFECTANT
6. Bacteriostatic stops/slows down the growth of bacteria and allowing the immune system to finish
the job and kill the bacteria
- ANTISEPTIC
attects protein synthesis
7. minimum in- the lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth, but does not
hibitory concen- kill the bacteria
tration (MIC)
, Pharmacology - Exam 2 Test Questions with Verified Answers Graded A+
8. minimum bacte- the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that kills 99.9% of the bacteria
ricidal concentra-
tion (MBC)
9. sites that are dif- places with poor blood flow
ficult for Antimi- - cerebrospinal fluid
crobials to reach - brain (because of the BBB; meningitis)
- an abscess of the skin (Lump on your skin that contains pus)
- the heart (endocarditis)
10. What do you AL- CULTURE! CULTURE! CULTUREEEE!!!!!
WAYS do prior to
administering an
antibiotic?
11. If WBC are ele- There's an infection.. Decreasing or going back to normal levels means the infection
vated, what does is being RESOLVED
this tell us?
12. Patients taking 1. TAKE THE FULL COURSE OF MEDICATIONS PRESCRIBED!!!!
Antibiotics must 2. and take an additional form of contraceptive (BABY!)(condom)
always... - antibiotics interact with hormonal contraceptives(birth control) making Birth
control less ettective
3. only use when necessary (don't take with viral infections)
13. community-asso- an infection acquired by a person who is not recently hospitalized
ciated infection EX: sinus infection
14. health care asso- infections the patient acquires during the course of receiving treatment during
ciated infection their hospital stay
15. Types of Antibi-
otics
, - Antibiotics attecting the Bacterial cell wall
- Antibiotics attecting Protein Synthesis
- Antibiotics treating UTIs
16. Antibiotics affect- Penicillins
ing the Bacterial Cephalosporins
Cell Wall Vancomycin
- nephrotoxic
17. Penicillins Includes: Penicillin G(narrow spectrum), Amoxicillin(Broad spectrum)
- Group of antibiotics that are often used to treat infections by gram-positive
bacteria
- typically ends in "-cillin"
- bactericidal
- cross-sensitivity with cephalosporins(all of the penicillin and cephalosporins
CANNOT be taken together)
complications:
- anaphylaxis
- renal impairment (BUN and Creatinine)
- hyperkalemia & hypernatremia
- Can be taken with meals
18. Anaphylaxis worst case of an allergic reaction
- hypotension, tachycardia, body rash , respiratory distress
1. STOP MEDICATION, administer an EPINEPHRINE
2. if patient is at home they need to call 911 and give epi if possible
19. What is the an- Epinephrine
tidote for all
anaphylactic re-
actions?
20.
1. Superinfection results when an antibiotic kills normal flora, favoring the appearance of a new
infection that is diflcult to eliminate
- secondary infection after killing normal bacteria
EX: Oral thrush, C. ditt (diarrhea), and vaginal yeast infections
- antimicrobial therapy
2. Classification of -narrow-spectrum
antimicrobial -broad-spectrum
medications -bactericidal medications
-bacteriostatic medications
antimicrobials are used to treat bacteria, viruses, or fungi
3. narrow-spec- ettective against a narrow range of bacteria (only a few types of bacteria are
trum antibiotics sensitive)
- used when the CAUSE of the bacterial infection is KNOWN
4. broad-spectrum ettective against a broad range of bacteria (wide variety of bacteria are sensitive)
antibiotics - can cause superinfection
5. bactericidal kills bacteria directly
- weakens the cell wall (lysis)
- interferes with enzymes
- DISINFECTANT
6. Bacteriostatic stops/slows down the growth of bacteria and allowing the immune system to finish
the job and kill the bacteria
- ANTISEPTIC
attects protein synthesis
7. minimum in- the lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth, but does not
hibitory concen- kill the bacteria
tration (MIC)
, Pharmacology - Exam 2 Test Questions with Verified Answers Graded A+
8. minimum bacte- the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that kills 99.9% of the bacteria
ricidal concentra-
tion (MBC)
9. sites that are dif- places with poor blood flow
ficult for Antimi- - cerebrospinal fluid
crobials to reach - brain (because of the BBB; meningitis)
- an abscess of the skin (Lump on your skin that contains pus)
- the heart (endocarditis)
10. What do you AL- CULTURE! CULTURE! CULTUREEEE!!!!!
WAYS do prior to
administering an
antibiotic?
11. If WBC are ele- There's an infection.. Decreasing or going back to normal levels means the infection
vated, what does is being RESOLVED
this tell us?
12. Patients taking 1. TAKE THE FULL COURSE OF MEDICATIONS PRESCRIBED!!!!
Antibiotics must 2. and take an additional form of contraceptive (BABY!)(condom)
always... - antibiotics interact with hormonal contraceptives(birth control) making Birth
control less ettective
3. only use when necessary (don't take with viral infections)
13. community-asso- an infection acquired by a person who is not recently hospitalized
ciated infection EX: sinus infection
14. health care asso- infections the patient acquires during the course of receiving treatment during
ciated infection their hospital stay
15. Types of Antibi-
otics
, - Antibiotics attecting the Bacterial cell wall
- Antibiotics attecting Protein Synthesis
- Antibiotics treating UTIs
16. Antibiotics affect- Penicillins
ing the Bacterial Cephalosporins
Cell Wall Vancomycin
- nephrotoxic
17. Penicillins Includes: Penicillin G(narrow spectrum), Amoxicillin(Broad spectrum)
- Group of antibiotics that are often used to treat infections by gram-positive
bacteria
- typically ends in "-cillin"
- bactericidal
- cross-sensitivity with cephalosporins(all of the penicillin and cephalosporins
CANNOT be taken together)
complications:
- anaphylaxis
- renal impairment (BUN and Creatinine)
- hyperkalemia & hypernatremia
- Can be taken with meals
18. Anaphylaxis worst case of an allergic reaction
- hypotension, tachycardia, body rash , respiratory distress
1. STOP MEDICATION, administer an EPINEPHRINE
2. if patient is at home they need to call 911 and give epi if possible
19. What is the an- Epinephrine
tidote for all
anaphylactic re-
actions?
20.
