BIOL 401 MICROBIOLOGY FINAL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that:
A) prokaryotic cells have less complex metabolism.
B) prokaryotic cells do not possess organelles.
C) prokaryotic cells are always smaller
D)prokaryotic cells are less abundant
E) transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in prokaryotes - Answers - E)
transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in prokaryotes
The smallest genomes (and the first ones sequenced) tend to be those of:
A) viruses
B) bacteria
C) viroid
D) prion
E) fungi - Answers - A) viruses
Which of the following is an infectious agent that causes the propagation of misfolded
protein:
A) virus
B) vision
C)Virioid
D)prion
E) parasite - Answers - D)prion
An attenuated strain of a microbe
A) can be deadly
B) can confer immunity to a more virulent strain
C) is resistant to antibiotics
D) is more susceptible to antiseptics
E) A and B only - Answers - B) can confer immunity to a more virulent strain
Koch's postulate:
a) a guide that individuals should follow to prevent disease.
b) a guide for defining the causative agent of disease.
c) absolute rules that must be met to prove that a particular microbe causes a disease.
d) a guide for obtaining pure cultures of microbes.
e) rules that must be followed for successful vaccination. - Answers - b) a guide for
defining the causative agent of disease.
Which of the following individual discovered the microbial basis of fermentation and later
used it to refute the idea of spontaneous generation?
,a) Florene Nightgale
b) Alexander Fleming
c) Louis Pasteur
d) Robert Hooke
e) Robert Koch - Answers - c) Louis Pasteur
According to the endosymbiosis theory, chloroplasts evolved from ancient relatives of
a) cyanobacteria
b) respiring proteobacteria
c) photosynthetic proteobacteria
d) photosynthetic archaea
e) fermentative fungi - Answers - a) cyanobacteria
Which of the following was used by Carl Woese as a "molecular clock" to develop the
three-domain scheme of classification?
a) 50S ribosomal subunit
b) 30S ribisomal subunit
c)5S rRNA
d) 16S rRNA
e) 23S rRNA - Answers - d) 16S rRNA
A bacteriophage is
a) a method bacteria use for feeding
b) a type of archaea
c) a virus that infects eukaryotic cells
d) a virus that infects bacteria
e) a bacterium that consume viruses - Answers - d) a virus that infects bacteria
Which if the following is closest to the resolution limit of the human eye?
a) 1.5X10^-1 m
b) 1.5X10^-2m
c) 1.5X10^-3m
d) 1.5X10^-4m
e) 1.5X10^-5m - Answers - d) 1.5X10^-4m
Which of the following is a difference between antiseptics and antibiotics?
a) antibiotics may be taken internally but antiseptics cannot
b) antiseptics can be taken internally but antibiotics cannot
c) antiseptics kill microbial cells but antibiotics do not
d)antibiotics kill microbial cells but antiseptics do not.
e) antibiotics are more effective than antiseptics. - Answers - a) antibiotics may be taken
internally but antiseptics cannot
A specimen has a diameter of 4 micro m. What is the minimum magnification that will
allow a human to resolve this object
?
, a) 5X
b) 10X
c) 50X
d)100X
e)500X - Answers - c) 50X
Liquid Cultures of bacterial cells appear cloudy because light is
a) absorbed
b) reflected
c) refracted
d) scattered
e) re-emitted - Answers - d) scattered
All the following can improve the ability to visualize a specimen through a light
microscope, EXCEPT
a) a decreasing the numerical aperture
b) the use of immersion oil
c) staining the specimen to improve contrast
de) using shorter wavelengths of light
e) using lens with wider angle of aperture - Answers - a) a decreasing the numerical
aperture
In fluorescence microscopi, the fluorescence emission has ______________ energy
and _________ wavelength compared to the incident light absorbed by the specimen.
a) lower, longer
b) lower, shorter
c) higher, longer
d) higher, shorter
e) higher, similar - Answers - a) lower, longer
In microscopy, the term "resolution" refers to
a) the ability to identify which microbial species is being viewed under the microscope.
b) the ability ti detect any microbial life forms.
c) the smallest distance by which two objects can be separated and still be
distinguished
d) the physical properties of a lens, associated with how much light it can collect.
e) the optimal magnification of an objective lens - Answers - c) the smallest distance by
which two objects can be separated and still be distinguished
Which of the following is a disadvantage of traditional electron microscopy?
a) samples require specialized preparation, such as fixation and staining, prior to
interrogation.
b) an electron microscope is usually more expensive than a light microscope.
c) specimens can only be observed under vacuum
d) electron bombardment can destroy the specimen
e) All of the above - Answers - e) All of the above
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that:
A) prokaryotic cells have less complex metabolism.
B) prokaryotic cells do not possess organelles.
C) prokaryotic cells are always smaller
D)prokaryotic cells are less abundant
E) transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in prokaryotes - Answers - E)
transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in prokaryotes
The smallest genomes (and the first ones sequenced) tend to be those of:
A) viruses
B) bacteria
C) viroid
D) prion
E) fungi - Answers - A) viruses
Which of the following is an infectious agent that causes the propagation of misfolded
protein:
A) virus
B) vision
C)Virioid
D)prion
E) parasite - Answers - D)prion
An attenuated strain of a microbe
A) can be deadly
B) can confer immunity to a more virulent strain
C) is resistant to antibiotics
D) is more susceptible to antiseptics
E) A and B only - Answers - B) can confer immunity to a more virulent strain
Koch's postulate:
a) a guide that individuals should follow to prevent disease.
b) a guide for defining the causative agent of disease.
c) absolute rules that must be met to prove that a particular microbe causes a disease.
d) a guide for obtaining pure cultures of microbes.
e) rules that must be followed for successful vaccination. - Answers - b) a guide for
defining the causative agent of disease.
Which of the following individual discovered the microbial basis of fermentation and later
used it to refute the idea of spontaneous generation?
,a) Florene Nightgale
b) Alexander Fleming
c) Louis Pasteur
d) Robert Hooke
e) Robert Koch - Answers - c) Louis Pasteur
According to the endosymbiosis theory, chloroplasts evolved from ancient relatives of
a) cyanobacteria
b) respiring proteobacteria
c) photosynthetic proteobacteria
d) photosynthetic archaea
e) fermentative fungi - Answers - a) cyanobacteria
Which of the following was used by Carl Woese as a "molecular clock" to develop the
three-domain scheme of classification?
a) 50S ribosomal subunit
b) 30S ribisomal subunit
c)5S rRNA
d) 16S rRNA
e) 23S rRNA - Answers - d) 16S rRNA
A bacteriophage is
a) a method bacteria use for feeding
b) a type of archaea
c) a virus that infects eukaryotic cells
d) a virus that infects bacteria
e) a bacterium that consume viruses - Answers - d) a virus that infects bacteria
Which if the following is closest to the resolution limit of the human eye?
a) 1.5X10^-1 m
b) 1.5X10^-2m
c) 1.5X10^-3m
d) 1.5X10^-4m
e) 1.5X10^-5m - Answers - d) 1.5X10^-4m
Which of the following is a difference between antiseptics and antibiotics?
a) antibiotics may be taken internally but antiseptics cannot
b) antiseptics can be taken internally but antibiotics cannot
c) antiseptics kill microbial cells but antibiotics do not
d)antibiotics kill microbial cells but antiseptics do not.
e) antibiotics are more effective than antiseptics. - Answers - a) antibiotics may be taken
internally but antiseptics cannot
A specimen has a diameter of 4 micro m. What is the minimum magnification that will
allow a human to resolve this object
?
, a) 5X
b) 10X
c) 50X
d)100X
e)500X - Answers - c) 50X
Liquid Cultures of bacterial cells appear cloudy because light is
a) absorbed
b) reflected
c) refracted
d) scattered
e) re-emitted - Answers - d) scattered
All the following can improve the ability to visualize a specimen through a light
microscope, EXCEPT
a) a decreasing the numerical aperture
b) the use of immersion oil
c) staining the specimen to improve contrast
de) using shorter wavelengths of light
e) using lens with wider angle of aperture - Answers - a) a decreasing the numerical
aperture
In fluorescence microscopi, the fluorescence emission has ______________ energy
and _________ wavelength compared to the incident light absorbed by the specimen.
a) lower, longer
b) lower, shorter
c) higher, longer
d) higher, shorter
e) higher, similar - Answers - a) lower, longer
In microscopy, the term "resolution" refers to
a) the ability to identify which microbial species is being viewed under the microscope.
b) the ability ti detect any microbial life forms.
c) the smallest distance by which two objects can be separated and still be
distinguished
d) the physical properties of a lens, associated with how much light it can collect.
e) the optimal magnification of an objective lens - Answers - c) the smallest distance by
which two objects can be separated and still be distinguished
Which of the following is a disadvantage of traditional electron microscopy?
a) samples require specialized preparation, such as fixation and staining, prior to
interrogation.
b) an electron microscope is usually more expensive than a light microscope.
c) specimens can only be observed under vacuum
d) electron bombardment can destroy the specimen
e) All of the above - Answers - e) All of the above
