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Samenvatting Klinisch eindexamen UA UAskMe - ABDOMEN

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Volledige uitwerking van de UAskMe lijst van het vak ABDOMEN. Voldoende om te slagen voor MCQ en mondeling klinisch eindexamen aan de Universiteit Antwerpen.

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U ASK ME
ABDOMEN




KLINISCH EINDEXAMEN 2025-2026

,INHOUDSTAFEL
1. Slokdarmpathologie, reflux en ulcuslijden .......................................................................................................... 3
2. Gastro-intestinale bloeding ............................................................................................................................... 10
3. Digestieve oncologie GI tractus ......................................................................................................................... 13
4. Acuut abdomen ................................................................................................................................................. 21
5. Appendicitis ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
6. Diverticulitis ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
7. Ileus ................................................................................................................................................................... 27
8. Infectieuze diarree ............................................................................................................................................ 29
9. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) .................................................................................................................... 31
10. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)........................................................................................................................ 36
11. Constipatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 39
12. Proctologie ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
13. Hepatitis .......................................................................................................................................................... 44
14. MASLD : metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease ................................................................. 49
15. Erfelijke, auto-immune en toxische leverafwijkingen ..................................................................................... 51
16. Zwangerschapsgerelateerde leverafwijkingen................................................................................................ 59
17. Cirrhose en complicaties ................................................................................................................................. 62
18. Acuut leverfalen en transplantatie ................................................................................................................. 67
19. Benigne en maligne levertumoren .................................................................................................................. 69
20. Galblaas- en galwegenpathologie ................................................................................................................... 71
21. Acute pancreatitis ........................................................................................................................................... 78
22. Chronische pancreatitis ................................................................................................................................... 80
23. Pancreastumoren ............................................................................................................................................ 82
24. Buikwandproblemen ....................................................................................................................................... 85




2

,1. SLOKDARMPATHOLOGIE, REFLUX EN
ULCUSLIJDEN
SLOKDARMPATHOLOGIE

OROFARYNGEAAL

OROFARYNGEALE DYSFAGIE
 = stoornis in voortglijden bolus van mond naar slokdarm
o Komt in luchtwegen (aspiratie) of neus → respiratoire klrachten
- Etiologie
o Gebrek aandrijvingskracht (neuro)
▪ CVA, MS, parkinson, polio, MG, Steinert
o Obstructie flow
▪ Tumor, abces, cricofaryngeale achalasie (incomplete relax UES → Zenker divertikel)

PRIMAIRE MOBILITEIT

ACHALASIE
 Onvolledige/afwezig relaxatie LES + gelijktijdige contracties ipv peristaltische contracties
→ ophouden voedselbolus → slokdarm zet uit + wordt langer
- Epidemio
o Piek 20-40j, 70j
- Etiologie
o Degeneratie/infiltratie van intramurale plexus, letsel N.X,  NO productie
- Symptomen
o Dysfagie (!), retrosternale pijn, regurgitatie, vermagering
o Emotie-gebonden!
o Opgelet: irritatie van voedselstase → maligne degeneratie slokdarm
- Diagnose
o RX barium
▪ Mega oesofagus met mousetail
o Oesofagoscopie
▪ Oesofagitis
o Slokdarmmanometrie (!): bevestiging diagnose
▪ Afwezige sfincterrelax, afwezige normale peristaltiek
o Mecholyltest
▪ IV cholinergicum toedienen
▪ Positief = hevige contracties uitlokken (pijn!)
- Behandeling
o Ca-antagonisten, sildenafil (viagra)
o Chirurgie
▪ Pneumatische dilatatie (ballon)
▪ Myotomie: Heller, POEM (perorale endoscopische myotomie)
▪ Botox LES (oudere pt’en)




3

, DIFFUSE SLOKDARMSPASMEN
 = neuromusculaire stoornis: peristaltiek wordt niet afgeremd en gaat direct door
o Locatie: onderste 1/3e aangetast  bovenste 1/3e = normaal (dwarsgestreept)
o Vnl ouderen
- Ontstaan
o Degeneratie N. vagus
o Verdikking spierlagen slokdarm
- Symptomen
o Dysfagie en hevige retrosternale pijn
o Vaak voedsel-gebonden (koud, bruis)
o GEEN voedselstase
- Diagnose
o Rx barium: kurkentrekker beeld
o Intraluminale drukmeting: simultane contracties → repetitief en ↑amplitudo
- Behandeling
o Rustig eten, geen bruis, sedativa
o ± Nitroglycerine en Ca-antagonisten

HYPERCONTRACTIELE SLOKDARM = NOTENKRAKER/JACKHAMMER SLOKDARM
 = slokdarmcontracties zijn te sterk (>150mmHg) en te lang (>7,5s)
- Symptomen
o Retrosternale pijnaanvallen
- Diagnose
o RX-barium: notenkraker beeld
o Slokdarmmanometrie
- Behandeling
o Calciumantagonisten

SECUNDAIRE MOBILITEIT

- Collagenose = bindweefselziekten
o Sclerodermie
▪ Atrofie gladde spieren → vervanging door fibreus bindweefsel
→ Onderste 2/3 + LES hypotoon
o Dermatomyositis
▪ Dwarsgestreepte spieren aangedaan (bovenste 1/3e)
o SLE, Raynaud, RA
▪ Vasculitis thv slokdarm musculatuur
- Neurologische aandoeningen
o Centraal: MS (↓peristaltiek), ALS (uitval slikcoördinatie), CVA
o Perifeer: Diabetes
- Neuromusculaire aandoeningen
o Myotone dystrofie, myasthenia gravis: functioneel (vnl bovenste 1/3e)
- Dysphagia lusoria= aberrante a subclavia
o Rechter A. Subclavia takt af van de aorta links van de L A. subclavia → duwt op slokdarm




4

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