NURS5461 Quiz 1 – Adult Gerontology Management Across the Continuum of Care Guide (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified Questions & Answers {Grade A} - UTA

NURS5461 Quiz 1 – Adult Gerontology Management Across the Continuum of Care Guide (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified Questions & Answers {Grade A} - UTA Hyperkeratotic condition, hyperpigmented at neck of axillae - correct answer Acanthosis Nigricans Ideal weight - correct answer 100# for first 5 ft, then add 5# per inch/ 106# then add 6# per inch in men Essential tremor TX - correct answer propranolol, primidone Degenerative disorder of basal ganglia - correct answer Parkinson's disease Lack of neurotransmitter dopamine - correct answer PD Hypertonia, resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, freezing phenomenon, depression, cognitive impairment - correct answer PD Presence of lewy bodies - correct answer PD Autosomal dominant trait - correct answer Essential tremor Tremor at rest and inc with activity, voice may quiver, doesn't change muscle tone - correct answer Essential tremor Treatment of essential tremors? - correct answer Inderal and Primidone Common early symptom in PD - correct answer Resting tremors "pill rolling" Levodopa trial - correct answer PD dx Progresses rapidly, fixed facial expression, rigidity, cognitive impairment - correct answer Supranuclear palsy Continuous random movement? - correct answer Chorea Levodopa reduces rigidity but improvement is transient - correct answer Supranuclear palsy Tetrabenazine and antipsychotics treat? - correct answer Chorea Short term memory deficits that don't interfere with function abilities - correct answer mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Cognitive impairment associated with decline in daily activities - correct answer Dementia Long half life and ok to skip a dose? - correct answer Fluoxetine (Prozac) SSRI Greatest anticholinergic effect (SSRI) - correct answer Paroxetine Prolonged QT with higher doses - correct answer Citalopram Changes rapidly with nutrition status? - correct answer prealbumin 15 is normal Low albumin and low cholesterol 160? - correct answer poor health status Nutritional risk? - correct answer weight loss 5% in 1 month or 10% in 6 months Caloric needs? - correct answer 25-30 kcal/kg Main source of energy, 35% of calorie intake - correct answer carbohydrates Minimize protein catabolism - correct answer 400 calories daily Protein amt per day? - correct answer 0.8g/kg of body weight daily Protein is? - correct answer amino acid. Glutamine replacement does not improve recovery Achlorhydria - correct answer lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, lack of absorption of nutrients Macronutrients - correct answer carbohydrates, proteins, and fats Water intake daily - correct answer 30ml/kg/day Increased serum methylmalonic acid and serum homocysteine are ultrasensitive markers of? - correct answer B12 deficiency 350 Thyroid hormones regulates? - correct answer energy, heat production, facilitate development of CNS, growth/puberty and it regulates proteins important in liver, cardiac, neuro, muscle functioning Mature Erythrocyte - correct answer 120 days Check bone marrow fxn? - correct answer reticulocyte count Diet decreases absorption of levodopa? - correct answer protein PD med causes liver failure? - correct answer Tolcapone (COMT Inhibitors) Dopamine agonist has less side effects? - correct answer Nonergot derivative meds Chemical messenger that carries and balances signals between neurons, nerve cells, and other cells of the body? - correct answer Neurotransmitters Decreased acetylcholine and 2 Apo E 4 alleles? - correct answer Alzheimers Early Alzheimers? - correct answer MMSE 22-28, 1-3 yrs from initial symptoms Intermediate Alzheimers? - correct answer MMSE 18-21, 2-8 yrs from DX, needs help with adls, ambulatory but frequent falls Severe Alzheimers? - correct answer MMSE 0-8,, 6-12 yrs from Dx, no adls, incontinent, mute, LTC # of autosomal chromosomes - correct answer 22 pairs Carry cholesterol? Insoluble molecules? - correct answer Lipoproteins Lipoprotein that carries cholesterol to the vessel wall? - correct answer LDL-P Measures amt of cholesterol in that particle? - correct answer LDL-C More atherogenic? - correct answer small dense LDL particles Large lipid molecules from dietary fates? - correct answer Triglycerides NCEP guidelines for lipid assessment? - correct answer age 20 and older- fasting panel every 5 years Metabolic syndrome - correct answer Abdominal obesity 40 in men 35 in women Low HDL 40 in men 50 in women Elevated triglycerides HTN 130/75 Fasting blood sugar 100 When to add statin therapy in diabetics? - correct answer 40 and no CAD, add statin if LDL 100 with CVD risk factors Atherosclerosis asymptomatic until? - correct answer plaque stenosis 70-80% Side effects of statins? - correct answer myopathy and hepatotoxicity (rare) Statins contraindicated with? - correct answer Niacin or fibrates Stage 1 HTN, no RF Tx? - correct answer non-pharmacologic tx is an option for 6months -1 year Stage 2 HTN tx? - correct answer 2 drug class tx Body burns fat for energy? - correct answer Ketones- type 1 DM Insulin? - correct answer assists glucose in entering cells Pernicious anemia - correct answer lack of intrinsic factor, decreased b12 Pernicious anemia s/s - correct answer beefy red tongue, fatigue, paresthesia of hands/feet, fatigue Macrocytic anemias - correct answer Pernicious anemia, folate deficiency anemia 103mm Causes of macrocytic anemias - correct answer liver disease, low b12 or folate, gastrectomy, malabsorption, alcoholics Microcytic anemia - correct answer iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease late stage, lead poisoning, thalassemias,, occult blood in stool, menorrhagia, 87mm Normocytic anemia - correct answer anemia of chronic disease, sickle cell, impaired bone marrow, hemolytic anemia, 87-103mm Primary storage for iron - correct answer ferritin 100 = normal Increased ferritin - correct answer inflammatory disease, hepatitis, CRF, Transferrin - correct answer regulates iron absorption and transport in body, low levels = protein malnutrition, 200 is normal Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) - correct answer high when iron low 240-450 400 with iron deficiency anemia Primary hypothyroidism - correct answer High TSH, low T3 and T4 Secondary hypothyroidism - correct answer low TSH, low T3/T4, malfunction of pituitary Hashimoto's thyroiditis - correct answer autoimmune thyroiditis, high TSH, low T3/T4 Myxedema - correct answer puffy face with hypothyroid Grave's disease - correct answer autoimmune disorder leading to hyperthyroidism, antibodies mimicking TSH, high T4/T3 Primary Hyperthyroidism - correct answer Low TSH High T3,T4 Excessive iodine uptake - correct answer hyperthyroidism First test for thyroid - correct answer TSH TSH improvement after levothyroxine - correct answer 6-8 weeks Subclinical hypothyroid - correct answer elevated TSH, normal T4 and Free T4 PTU, methimazole - correct answer treat hyperthyroidism- agranulocytosis and liver disease SE Prevalence of HTN after 65 years of age - correct answer higher in women DBP stabilizes? - correct answer age 50 and older, SBP worsens Nocturnal BP - correct answer dipping at night by 15%. Non-dipper = high risk for CVD and renal disease Most effective for decreasing LVH - correct answer ACE inhibitors Stage 1 HTN - correct answer 140-159/90-99 Stage 2 HTN - correct answer 160/100 HTN Emergency - correct answer 180/120 with end organ damage Treat with IV nitroprusside, labetalol, Clonidine, Cardene Pseudohypertension - correct answer brachial artery sclerotic- BP cuff collapses artery- false high reading- doesn't respond to treatment BP goal: 60 yrs, no diabetes or CKD - correct answer 140/90 BP goal 60 w/ DM or CKD - correct answer 140/90 Dihydropyridines- CCB - correct answer Nicardipine, amlodipine, nifedipine- dilates arteries, avoid in CKD Non-dihydropyridines CCB - correct answer Verapamil, Diltiazem- reduces HR and contractility, CI in left ventricle dysfunction/ AV block Reduces pedal edema caused by CCB - correct answer adding ACE Inhibitor Masks hypoglycemia except for diaphoresis - correct answer BB Stage 1 HTN with any risk factors - correct answer initial TX Stage 2 HTN - correct answer 2 drug treatment DM Diagnosis - correct answer FBG 126, BG 200 with s/s, 2 hr post meal 200, A1C 6.5% Hyperinsulinemia results in? - correct answer Thickening in arterial blood vessel walls, renal vasodilation- microalbuminuria Hyperuricemia? - correct answer elevated uric acid (waster product) due to hyperinsulinemia, elevated triglycerides, HTN, low HDL-- can cause gout Keratin - correct answer protein in hair and epidermis. Hyperkeratosis = Acanthosis Nigricans Insulin Resistance - correct answer plasma insulin 10, blood glucose normal ASA as preventative? - correct answer not in women w/o CVD anymore LDL goal in CAD pts? - correct answer 70 Weight gain most common side effect of this DM med? - correct answer Sulfonylureas Avoid in renal failure, surgery, age 80, and HF? - correct answer Metformin- risk for lactic acidosis Monitor lfts and takes 2 months to take effect on blood sugars? - correct answer tzds SQ injection that stimulates insulin production? - correct answer glps Do not make basal insulin Ex. Lantus & Levemir? - correct answer type 1 DM Daily basal insulin - correct answer 0.6units/kg/day- 50% basal dose, 50% mealtime 1 unit of insulin - correct answer drops sugar 20mg/dl and covers 10g CHO Can not be mixed with any other insulin and has no peak? - correct answer Long acting Insulin- Lantus and Levemir End product of metabolism from skeletal muscle and excreted by the kidneys? - correct answer Creatinine Breakdown of dietary protein, excreted by kidneys, increases rapidly with kidney failure of dehydration? - correct answer blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Body fat metabolized for energy makes? - correct answer ketones Produced by muscle cells and rbcs for energy when O2 is low? - correct answer lactic acid Post prandial BG goal? - correct answer 140 Fasting BG goal? - correct answer 100 Myopathy from statins? - correct answer rabdo- increased CK from muscle injury O2 protein of muscle cells? - correct answer myoglobin- makes urine dark when excreted Released by the liver in inflammation or infection, statins decrease it? - correct answer C reactive protein (CRP) Increased triglycerides 400 can cause? - correct answer pancreatitis Statin combined with niacin or a fibrate? - correct answer contraindicated- can give niacin or fibrate with 1 g fish oil Omega 3-fatty acid decreases? - correct answer triglycerides- same as fish oil Glossitis, koilonychia (spoon nails), pale, SOB, fatigued? - correct answer Iron Deficiency Anemia Cheilosis (mouth fissures), stomatitis, ulcers, fatigue? - correct answer Folate Deficiency Vitamin that slows cognitive decline in AD? - correct answer Vitamin E