NUR 239 exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Host - CORRECT ANSWER -Organism (person) that supports the growth requirements of a
microbe.
Immunocompetence - CORRECT ANSWER -The host's ability to defend against infection.
Normal flora - CORRECT ANSWER -Microorganisms that live on or in the body without causing
disease under normal conditions.
Colonization - CORRECT ANSWER -Presence and growth of microbes without signs and
symptoms of infection.
Carrier - CORRECT ANSWER -A person who is colonized with a microorganism but may not
show symptoms.
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Disease state that results from the presence and multiplication of
pathogens in the body.
Bacteremia - CORRECT ANSWER -Laboratory-confirmed presence of bacteria in the
bloodstream.
Portal of entry - CORRECT ANSWER -How a pathogen enters the body (skin breaks, mucous
membranes, inhalation, ingestion, direct/indirect contact).
Sources of infection transmission - CORRECT ANSWER -Humans (including mother to fetus),
animals, fomites, vehicles, vectors.
Fomites - CORRECT ANSWER -Inanimate objects that transmit microorganisms.
, First line of defense - CORRECT ANSWER -Skin, mucous membranes, secretions (tears, HCl),
cilia, coughing, peristalsis, normal flora.
Second line of defense - CORRECT ANSWER -Phagocytosis, inflammatory response, immune
response.
Local signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Redness, swelling, warmth, pain/tenderness, loss
of function.
Systemic signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Fever, increased pulse, increased respiratory
rate, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, nausea, headache, enlarged lymph nodes.
Nonspecific symptoms of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Fever, myalgia, headache, lethargy.
Stages of infection: Incubation - CORRECT ANSWER -Time between exposure and start of
symptoms; pathogen actively replicating; no symptoms.
Stages of infection: Prodromal - CORRECT ANSWER -Initial vague, nonspecific symptoms
(malaise, mild fever, headache, fatigue).
Stages of infection: Illness (acute/full stage) - CORRECT ANSWER -Maximum impact; specific
symptoms; rapid microbial growth; elevated WBC, neutrophils, CRP, ESR.
Stages of infection: Convalescence - CORRECT ANSWER -Infection contained; tissue repair;
recovery; possible lingering fatigue.
Community-acquired infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Infection acquired outside a healthcare
setting.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Host - CORRECT ANSWER -Organism (person) that supports the growth requirements of a
microbe.
Immunocompetence - CORRECT ANSWER -The host's ability to defend against infection.
Normal flora - CORRECT ANSWER -Microorganisms that live on or in the body without causing
disease under normal conditions.
Colonization - CORRECT ANSWER -Presence and growth of microbes without signs and
symptoms of infection.
Carrier - CORRECT ANSWER -A person who is colonized with a microorganism but may not
show symptoms.
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Disease state that results from the presence and multiplication of
pathogens in the body.
Bacteremia - CORRECT ANSWER -Laboratory-confirmed presence of bacteria in the
bloodstream.
Portal of entry - CORRECT ANSWER -How a pathogen enters the body (skin breaks, mucous
membranes, inhalation, ingestion, direct/indirect contact).
Sources of infection transmission - CORRECT ANSWER -Humans (including mother to fetus),
animals, fomites, vehicles, vectors.
Fomites - CORRECT ANSWER -Inanimate objects that transmit microorganisms.
, First line of defense - CORRECT ANSWER -Skin, mucous membranes, secretions (tears, HCl),
cilia, coughing, peristalsis, normal flora.
Second line of defense - CORRECT ANSWER -Phagocytosis, inflammatory response, immune
response.
Local signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Redness, swelling, warmth, pain/tenderness, loss
of function.
Systemic signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Fever, increased pulse, increased respiratory
rate, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, nausea, headache, enlarged lymph nodes.
Nonspecific symptoms of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Fever, myalgia, headache, lethargy.
Stages of infection: Incubation - CORRECT ANSWER -Time between exposure and start of
symptoms; pathogen actively replicating; no symptoms.
Stages of infection: Prodromal - CORRECT ANSWER -Initial vague, nonspecific symptoms
(malaise, mild fever, headache, fatigue).
Stages of infection: Illness (acute/full stage) - CORRECT ANSWER -Maximum impact; specific
symptoms; rapid microbial growth; elevated WBC, neutrophils, CRP, ESR.
Stages of infection: Convalescence - CORRECT ANSWER -Infection contained; tissue repair;
recovery; possible lingering fatigue.
Community-acquired infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Infection acquired outside a healthcare
setting.
