EXAM
Exam Solution
ms
Microbiology Exam 3 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPL ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (D76BA)
ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 1 ms
What are some of the general properties of viruses?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Obligate intracellular parasites (must live inside the cell) of all living things, ultra-
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
microscopic size, not cellular in nature, inactive macromolecules outside the host cell and are only a
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ctive when inside host cells, acellular
ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 2 ms
Describe the capsid of a virus.
ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Protein coat that protects the nucleic acid
ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 3 ms
Describe the nucleic acid portion of a virus.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Carries genes necessary to invade host cells and redirect cell's activity to make new viruses
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 4 ms
Describe the envelope of a virus.
ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Surrounds the capsid, made of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
,QUESTION 5 ms
Describe envelope spikes. ms ms
ANSWER
Exposed proteins on the outside of the envelope that are essential for attachment of the virus to the
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
host cell
ms ms
QUESTION 6 ms
Describe the lock and key method of spikes and envelopes of viruses .
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Keys: on the virus; spikes ---Capsid- Has capsid spikes ---Envelope-
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
Has envelope spikes Locks: on the host cell; receptors on host cell membrane
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 7 ms
Which parts of a virus do all viruses possess?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Nucleic acids, capsid, envelope/capsid spikes
ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 8 ms
Which parts of a virus do only some viruses possess?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Envelope
QUESTION 9 ms
What does host range and specificity mean as it pertains to viruses?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
- Depends on what keys the virus has (very specific). -
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
Lock and key (receptors on host cell and spikes) is between the virus and the host cell membrane.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
- Virus collides with host cell and absorbs specifically to receptor sites on the membrane
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 10 ms
Describe the taxonomy of viruses.
ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
,Classification based on type of nucleic acid, strategy for replication, and morphology.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 11 ms
What does the family name for viruses end in?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
-viridae
QUESTION 12 ms
What do the genus and species name for viruses end in?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
-Virus
QUESTION 13 ms
How are subspecies of viruses designated?
ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
By numbers
ms
QUESTION 14 ms
What determines which cells a virus can infect?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
The lock and key attachment between a virus and the host cell membrane (receptors)
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 15 ms
What occurs during the lysogenic cycle of virus replication of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
The infected bacterium does not immediately produce viruses but may do so sometime in the future
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 16 ms
What is a prophage?
ms ms ms
ANSWER
, Bacteria cell that carries viral DNA in its genome
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 17 ms
List the steps of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Adsorption(attachment), penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 18 ms
What occurs in the adsorption (attachment) phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
?
ANSWER
The phage attaches to the host cell's surface receptors
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 19 ms
What occurs in the penetration phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Phage penetrates the host cell and injects its nucleic acid (DNA). Only the genome enters
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 20 ms
What occurs in the biosynthesis phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
The phage DNA directs the synthesis of viral components by the host cell (viral protein and nucleic
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
acid synthesis)
ms
QUESTION 21 ms
What occurs in the maturation phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Viral components are assembled into virions (mature viral particle)
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 22 ms
What occurs in the release phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
Exam Solution
ms
Microbiology Exam 3 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPL ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (D76BA)
ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 1 ms
What are some of the general properties of viruses?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Obligate intracellular parasites (must live inside the cell) of all living things, ultra-
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
microscopic size, not cellular in nature, inactive macromolecules outside the host cell and are only a
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ctive when inside host cells, acellular
ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 2 ms
Describe the capsid of a virus.
ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Protein coat that protects the nucleic acid
ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 3 ms
Describe the nucleic acid portion of a virus.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Carries genes necessary to invade host cells and redirect cell's activity to make new viruses
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 4 ms
Describe the envelope of a virus.
ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Surrounds the capsid, made of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
,QUESTION 5 ms
Describe envelope spikes. ms ms
ANSWER
Exposed proteins on the outside of the envelope that are essential for attachment of the virus to the
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
host cell
ms ms
QUESTION 6 ms
Describe the lock and key method of spikes and envelopes of viruses .
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Keys: on the virus; spikes ---Capsid- Has capsid spikes ---Envelope-
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
Has envelope spikes Locks: on the host cell; receptors on host cell membrane
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 7 ms
Which parts of a virus do all viruses possess?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Nucleic acids, capsid, envelope/capsid spikes
ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 8 ms
Which parts of a virus do only some viruses possess?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Envelope
QUESTION 9 ms
What does host range and specificity mean as it pertains to viruses?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
- Depends on what keys the virus has (very specific). -
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
Lock and key (receptors on host cell and spikes) is between the virus and the host cell membrane.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
- Virus collides with host cell and absorbs specifically to receptor sites on the membrane
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 10 ms
Describe the taxonomy of viruses.
ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
,Classification based on type of nucleic acid, strategy for replication, and morphology.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 11 ms
What does the family name for viruses end in?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
-viridae
QUESTION 12 ms
What do the genus and species name for viruses end in?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
-Virus
QUESTION 13 ms
How are subspecies of viruses designated?
ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
By numbers
ms
QUESTION 14 ms
What determines which cells a virus can infect?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
The lock and key attachment between a virus and the host cell membrane (receptors)
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 15 ms
What occurs during the lysogenic cycle of virus replication of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
The infected bacterium does not immediately produce viruses but may do so sometime in the future
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 16 ms
What is a prophage?
ms ms ms
ANSWER
, Bacteria cell that carries viral DNA in its genome
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 17 ms
List the steps of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage.
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Adsorption(attachment), penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 18 ms
What occurs in the adsorption (attachment) phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
?
ANSWER
The phage attaches to the host cell's surface receptors
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 19 ms
What occurs in the penetration phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Phage penetrates the host cell and injects its nucleic acid (DNA). Only the genome enters
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 20 ms
What occurs in the biosynthesis phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
The phage DNA directs the synthesis of viral components by the host cell (viral protein and nucleic
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
acid synthesis)
ms
QUESTION 21 ms
What occurs in the maturation phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
ANSWER
Viral components are assembled into virions (mature viral particle)
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
QUESTION 22 ms
What occurs in the release phase of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
