IEC YEAR 3 SEMESTER 2 EXAM 2025/2026 200 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. According to the principles of Immediate Emergency Care (IEC), what is the primary survey?
A) A detailed head-to-toe physical examination
B) A rapid assessment of life-threatening conditions using the DRCABCDE approach
C) A comprehensive review of the patient's medical history
D) An assessment of vital signs only
Answer: B) A rapid assessment of life-threatening conditions using the DRCABCDE approach
Explanation: The primary survey is a rapid assessment designed to identify and treat immediate life
threats. It follows the DRCABCDE sequence: Danger, Response, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Airway,
Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure/Environment.
2. In the DRCABCDE primary survey, what does the first "C" stand for?
A) Circulation
B) Cervical spine
C) Catastrophic Haemorrhage
D) Chest
Answer: C) Catastrophic Haemorrhage
Explanation: In the DRCABCDE primary survey, the sequence begins with Danger, then Response,
followed by Catastrophic Haemorrhage. This ensures that life-threatening external bleeding is controlled
before proceeding to airway and breathing assessments.
3. Which of the following is the correct order of the primary survey according to IEC protocols?
A) Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
B) Danger, Response, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
,C) Circulation, Airway, Breathing, Disability, Exposure
D) Danger, Airway, Breathing, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Circulation, Disability
Answer: B) Danger, Response, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability,
Exposure
Explanation: The correct sequence ensures scene safety first (Danger), then patient response
assessment, followed by catastrophic external bleeding control before proceeding to airway and
breathing.
4. What does AVPU stand for in patient assessment?
A) Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive
B) Airway, Ventilation, Perfusion, Urine
C) Assessment, Vital signs, Pulse, Urinalysis
D) Alert, Verbal, Physical, Unconscious
Answer: A) Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive
Explanation: AVPU is a simplified tool for assessing a patient's level of consciousness: Alert, responds to
Voice, responds to Pain, or Unresponsive.
5. During the primary survey, what is the maximum time recommended for assessing a trauma patient
before initiating transport?
A) 30 seconds
B) 60 seconds
C) 90 seconds
D) 10 minutes
Answer: B) 60 seconds
Explanation: The primary survey in trauma should be completed in 60 seconds or less to rapidly identify
life threats and avoid delaying transport to definitive care.
,6. What is the single most common cause of preventable death after injury?
A) Airway obstruction
B) Tension pneumothorax
C) Uncontrolled external hemorrhage
D) Traumatic brain injury
Answer: C) Uncontrolled external hemorrhage
Explanation: Uncontrolled external hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after trauma.
The first "C" in the primary survey specifically addresses catastrophic external bleeding.
7. Which of the following is an example of blunt force trauma?
A) Stab wound to the chest
B) Gunshot wound to the abdomen
C) Motor vehicle collision
D) Impaled object in the leg
Answer: C) Motor vehicle collision
Explanation: Blunt force trauma occurs when the body is struck by or strikes an object without
penetration. Motor vehicle collisions, falls, and assaults with blunt objects are common mechanisms.
8. What is always the first intervention for a trauma victim?
A) Establishing intravenous access
B) Performing a head-to-toe assessment
C) Ensuring scene safety and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
D) Applying a cervical collar
, Answer: C) Ensuring scene safety and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
Explanation: Before any patient assessment or intervention, the rescuer must ensure scene safety and
apply appropriate PPE to prevent harm to themselves. This is the first "D" for Danger in the primary
survey.
9. Which statement best describes the "catastrophic haemorrhage" step in the primary survey?
A) It refers to internal bleeding into the chest or abdomen
B) It refers to life-threatening external bleeding that must be controlled immediately
C) It refers to bleeding from the nose or mouth
D) It refers to bleeding that can wait until the secondary survey
Answer: B) It refers to life-threatening external bleeding that must be controlled immediately
Explanation: Catastrophic external bleeding must be identified and controlled before proceeding to
airway and breathing assessment. Techniques include direct pressure, tourniquets, and wound packing.
10. Until cervical spine injury is ruled out, how should the airway be opened?
A) Head tilt-chin lift maneuver
B) Jaw thrust maneuver
C) Neck extension
D) Chin lift without head movement
Answer: B) Jaw thrust maneuver
Explanation: In a patient with suspected cervical spine injury, the airway should be opened using the jaw
thrust maneuver without moving the head or neck to avoid exacerbating potential spinal injury.
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. According to the principles of Immediate Emergency Care (IEC), what is the primary survey?
A) A detailed head-to-toe physical examination
B) A rapid assessment of life-threatening conditions using the DRCABCDE approach
C) A comprehensive review of the patient's medical history
D) An assessment of vital signs only
Answer: B) A rapid assessment of life-threatening conditions using the DRCABCDE approach
Explanation: The primary survey is a rapid assessment designed to identify and treat immediate life
threats. It follows the DRCABCDE sequence: Danger, Response, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Airway,
Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure/Environment.
2. In the DRCABCDE primary survey, what does the first "C" stand for?
A) Circulation
B) Cervical spine
C) Catastrophic Haemorrhage
D) Chest
Answer: C) Catastrophic Haemorrhage
Explanation: In the DRCABCDE primary survey, the sequence begins with Danger, then Response,
followed by Catastrophic Haemorrhage. This ensures that life-threatening external bleeding is controlled
before proceeding to airway and breathing assessments.
3. Which of the following is the correct order of the primary survey according to IEC protocols?
A) Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
B) Danger, Response, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
,C) Circulation, Airway, Breathing, Disability, Exposure
D) Danger, Airway, Breathing, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Circulation, Disability
Answer: B) Danger, Response, Catastrophic Haemorrhage, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability,
Exposure
Explanation: The correct sequence ensures scene safety first (Danger), then patient response
assessment, followed by catastrophic external bleeding control before proceeding to airway and
breathing.
4. What does AVPU stand for in patient assessment?
A) Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive
B) Airway, Ventilation, Perfusion, Urine
C) Assessment, Vital signs, Pulse, Urinalysis
D) Alert, Verbal, Physical, Unconscious
Answer: A) Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive
Explanation: AVPU is a simplified tool for assessing a patient's level of consciousness: Alert, responds to
Voice, responds to Pain, or Unresponsive.
5. During the primary survey, what is the maximum time recommended for assessing a trauma patient
before initiating transport?
A) 30 seconds
B) 60 seconds
C) 90 seconds
D) 10 minutes
Answer: B) 60 seconds
Explanation: The primary survey in trauma should be completed in 60 seconds or less to rapidly identify
life threats and avoid delaying transport to definitive care.
,6. What is the single most common cause of preventable death after injury?
A) Airway obstruction
B) Tension pneumothorax
C) Uncontrolled external hemorrhage
D) Traumatic brain injury
Answer: C) Uncontrolled external hemorrhage
Explanation: Uncontrolled external hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after trauma.
The first "C" in the primary survey specifically addresses catastrophic external bleeding.
7. Which of the following is an example of blunt force trauma?
A) Stab wound to the chest
B) Gunshot wound to the abdomen
C) Motor vehicle collision
D) Impaled object in the leg
Answer: C) Motor vehicle collision
Explanation: Blunt force trauma occurs when the body is struck by or strikes an object without
penetration. Motor vehicle collisions, falls, and assaults with blunt objects are common mechanisms.
8. What is always the first intervention for a trauma victim?
A) Establishing intravenous access
B) Performing a head-to-toe assessment
C) Ensuring scene safety and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
D) Applying a cervical collar
, Answer: C) Ensuring scene safety and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
Explanation: Before any patient assessment or intervention, the rescuer must ensure scene safety and
apply appropriate PPE to prevent harm to themselves. This is the first "D" for Danger in the primary
survey.
9. Which statement best describes the "catastrophic haemorrhage" step in the primary survey?
A) It refers to internal bleeding into the chest or abdomen
B) It refers to life-threatening external bleeding that must be controlled immediately
C) It refers to bleeding from the nose or mouth
D) It refers to bleeding that can wait until the secondary survey
Answer: B) It refers to life-threatening external bleeding that must be controlled immediately
Explanation: Catastrophic external bleeding must be identified and controlled before proceeding to
airway and breathing assessment. Techniques include direct pressure, tourniquets, and wound packing.
10. Until cervical spine injury is ruled out, how should the airway be opened?
A) Head tilt-chin lift maneuver
B) Jaw thrust maneuver
C) Neck extension
D) Chin lift without head movement
Answer: B) Jaw thrust maneuver
Explanation: In a patient with suspected cervical spine injury, the airway should be opened using the jaw
thrust maneuver without moving the head or neck to avoid exacerbating potential spinal injury.
