Nursing Fundamentals NUR108 Unit 3 Exam 3 – Exam Questions and Answers
Practice Material
organs in the immune system - ✔✔bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, and
appendix
neutrophils - ✔✔white blood cells that is the most abundant and first to travel to the site of
infection
monocytes - ✔✔become macrophages in body tissues
largest monocyte and their functions include phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine
production
eosinophils - ✔✔white blood cells that combat multicellular parasites
basophils - ✔✔largest and least common granulocyte, they are responsible for inflammatory
reactions during immune response,as well as in the formation of acute and chronic allergic
diseases including anaphylaxis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and hay fever.
They perform phagocytosis, produce histamine and serotonin that induce inflammation, and
produce heparin that prevents blood clotting.
mast cells - ✔✔granulocyte rich in heparin and histamine
have role in allergies and anaphylaxis
similar functions to basophils
,B lymphocytes - ✔✔become plasma or memory B cells. encounter and engulf an antigen,
interacts with helper T lymphocytes, begins producing identical copies of a specific antigen.
Antibodies are secreted from B lymphocytes.
T lymphocytes - ✔✔mature in the thymus gland.
Helper T, Cytotoxic killer T, Memory T cells
Helper T cells - ✔✔activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages
Cytotoxic killer T cells - ✔✔destroy virus infected cells and tumor cells
Memory T Cells - ✔✔store information about previous infections so antigens can be produced
more quickly and in greater numbers in the same infection happens again
Natural Killer cells - ✔✔respond quickly to virus infected or tumor cells
adaptive immune system - ✔✔composed of highly specialized cells (B & T lymphocytes) that
are activated by exposure to pathogens, and uses an immunological memory to learn about
pathogens and enhance the immune response accordingly
innate immune system - ✔✔nonspecific, inborn immunity
skin is the first natural barrier against infection
, in the GI tract peristalsis, gastric acid and digestive enzymes help remove infectious agents
lungs have cilia that move irritant out
inflammation is an - ✔✔innate, nonspecific response to a pathogen
five cardinal signs of inflammation - ✔✔pain
redness
swelling
heat
loss of function
immunocompromise - ✔✔having an inadequately functioning immune system
primary immunodeficiency - ✔✔the entire immune defense system is inadequate and the
individual is missing some, if not all, of the components necessary for a complete immune
response
usual congenital or genetic defect
secondary immunodeficieincy - ✔✔acquired immunodeficiencies, resulting from malnutrition,
again, medications like chemotherapy, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs,
immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent organ transplant rejection, and glucocorticoids.
immunodeficiency is the - ✔✔hallmark of AIDS, caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
contact precautions - ✔✔gown and gloves
Practice Material
organs in the immune system - ✔✔bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, and
appendix
neutrophils - ✔✔white blood cells that is the most abundant and first to travel to the site of
infection
monocytes - ✔✔become macrophages in body tissues
largest monocyte and their functions include phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine
production
eosinophils - ✔✔white blood cells that combat multicellular parasites
basophils - ✔✔largest and least common granulocyte, they are responsible for inflammatory
reactions during immune response,as well as in the formation of acute and chronic allergic
diseases including anaphylaxis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and hay fever.
They perform phagocytosis, produce histamine and serotonin that induce inflammation, and
produce heparin that prevents blood clotting.
mast cells - ✔✔granulocyte rich in heparin and histamine
have role in allergies and anaphylaxis
similar functions to basophils
,B lymphocytes - ✔✔become plasma or memory B cells. encounter and engulf an antigen,
interacts with helper T lymphocytes, begins producing identical copies of a specific antigen.
Antibodies are secreted from B lymphocytes.
T lymphocytes - ✔✔mature in the thymus gland.
Helper T, Cytotoxic killer T, Memory T cells
Helper T cells - ✔✔activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages
Cytotoxic killer T cells - ✔✔destroy virus infected cells and tumor cells
Memory T Cells - ✔✔store information about previous infections so antigens can be produced
more quickly and in greater numbers in the same infection happens again
Natural Killer cells - ✔✔respond quickly to virus infected or tumor cells
adaptive immune system - ✔✔composed of highly specialized cells (B & T lymphocytes) that
are activated by exposure to pathogens, and uses an immunological memory to learn about
pathogens and enhance the immune response accordingly
innate immune system - ✔✔nonspecific, inborn immunity
skin is the first natural barrier against infection
, in the GI tract peristalsis, gastric acid and digestive enzymes help remove infectious agents
lungs have cilia that move irritant out
inflammation is an - ✔✔innate, nonspecific response to a pathogen
five cardinal signs of inflammation - ✔✔pain
redness
swelling
heat
loss of function
immunocompromise - ✔✔having an inadequately functioning immune system
primary immunodeficiency - ✔✔the entire immune defense system is inadequate and the
individual is missing some, if not all, of the components necessary for a complete immune
response
usual congenital or genetic defect
secondary immunodeficieincy - ✔✔acquired immunodeficiencies, resulting from malnutrition,
again, medications like chemotherapy, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs,
immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent organ transplant rejection, and glucocorticoids.
immunodeficiency is the - ✔✔hallmark of AIDS, caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
contact precautions - ✔✔gown and gloves
