NURS 600: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice - Exam 3 2026
|Maryville
1. Which level of nursing theory is the most limited in scope and developed for
use within a specific range of nursing situations?
A. Practice-level nursing theories
B. Middle-range nursing theories
C. Grand nursing theories
D. Meta-theories
Answer: A
Rationale: Practice-level nursing theories are situation-specific and have the narrowest
focus, often providing frameworks for specific nursing interventions.
2. Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model is primarily used to explain what?
A. How patients cope with chronic illness
B. The spiritual growth of patients during end-of-life care
C. The ways culture influences health choices
D. The behaviors individuals engage in to improve their well-being
Answer: D
Rationale: The Health Promotion Model focuses on helping nurses understand the major
determinants of health behaviors as a basis for behavioral counseling to promote healthy
lifestyles.
,3. In Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory, how is uncertainty defined?
A. The inability to determine the meaning of illness-related events
B. A patient’s refusal to accept a diagnosis
C. A lack of spiritual guidance during a health crisis
D. The financial instability caused by medical bills
Answer: A
Rationale: Mishel defines uncertainty as a cognitive state in which an individual is unable
to assign definite values to objects or events or is unable to predict outcomes accurately.
4. According to Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory, ‘transcendence’ is defined as:
A. The state in which patients rise above their problems or pain
B. A state of calm or contentment
C. The state of having a specific need met
D. The absence of physical symptoms
Answer: A
Rationale: Transcendence is the highest level of comfort, where a patient is able to rise
above their challenges or stressors.
5. The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (Lenz et al.) identifies which three
categories of variables that influence symptom experience?
A. Physiological, Psychological, and Situational
B. Social, Economic, and Biological
C. Genetic, Environmental, and Spiritual
D. Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral
Answer: A
Rationale: The theory posits that physiological, psychological, and situational factors affect
the occurrence, intensity, and timing of symptoms.
, 6. Reed’s Theory of Self-Transcendence suggests that self-transcendence is a
resource for:
A. Improving surgical techniques
B. Decreasing the cost of healthcare services
C. Increasing hospital readmission rates
D. Promoting well-being in people facing end-of-life issues
Answer: D
Rationale: Reed’s theory emphasizes that self-transcendence allows individuals to reach
beyond personal boundaries to improve well-being, especially during health-related
vulnerability.
7. Which process in Swanson’s Theory of Caring involves ‘striving to understand
an event as it has meaning in the life of the other’?
A. Knowing
B. Doing for
C. Enabling
D. Being with
Answer: A
Rationale: ‘Knowing’ is the caring process of striving to understand an event as it has
meaning in the life of the other, avoiding assumptions.
8. Ruland and Moore’s Peaceful End of Life Theory is primarily derived from:
A. Quantitative research on cancer survival
B. Interviews with family members of deceased patients
C. Standard of care for terminally ill patients developed by expert nurses
D. Ancient philosophical texts on death
Answer: C
Rationale: This theory was developed based on a standard of care for ‘peaceful end of life’
created by expert oncology nurses.
|Maryville
1. Which level of nursing theory is the most limited in scope and developed for
use within a specific range of nursing situations?
A. Practice-level nursing theories
B. Middle-range nursing theories
C. Grand nursing theories
D. Meta-theories
Answer: A
Rationale: Practice-level nursing theories are situation-specific and have the narrowest
focus, often providing frameworks for specific nursing interventions.
2. Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model is primarily used to explain what?
A. How patients cope with chronic illness
B. The spiritual growth of patients during end-of-life care
C. The ways culture influences health choices
D. The behaviors individuals engage in to improve their well-being
Answer: D
Rationale: The Health Promotion Model focuses on helping nurses understand the major
determinants of health behaviors as a basis for behavioral counseling to promote healthy
lifestyles.
,3. In Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory, how is uncertainty defined?
A. The inability to determine the meaning of illness-related events
B. A patient’s refusal to accept a diagnosis
C. A lack of spiritual guidance during a health crisis
D. The financial instability caused by medical bills
Answer: A
Rationale: Mishel defines uncertainty as a cognitive state in which an individual is unable
to assign definite values to objects or events or is unable to predict outcomes accurately.
4. According to Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory, ‘transcendence’ is defined as:
A. The state in which patients rise above their problems or pain
B. A state of calm or contentment
C. The state of having a specific need met
D. The absence of physical symptoms
Answer: A
Rationale: Transcendence is the highest level of comfort, where a patient is able to rise
above their challenges or stressors.
5. The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (Lenz et al.) identifies which three
categories of variables that influence symptom experience?
A. Physiological, Psychological, and Situational
B. Social, Economic, and Biological
C. Genetic, Environmental, and Spiritual
D. Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral
Answer: A
Rationale: The theory posits that physiological, psychological, and situational factors affect
the occurrence, intensity, and timing of symptoms.
, 6. Reed’s Theory of Self-Transcendence suggests that self-transcendence is a
resource for:
A. Improving surgical techniques
B. Decreasing the cost of healthcare services
C. Increasing hospital readmission rates
D. Promoting well-being in people facing end-of-life issues
Answer: D
Rationale: Reed’s theory emphasizes that self-transcendence allows individuals to reach
beyond personal boundaries to improve well-being, especially during health-related
vulnerability.
7. Which process in Swanson’s Theory of Caring involves ‘striving to understand
an event as it has meaning in the life of the other’?
A. Knowing
B. Doing for
C. Enabling
D. Being with
Answer: A
Rationale: ‘Knowing’ is the caring process of striving to understand an event as it has
meaning in the life of the other, avoiding assumptions.
8. Ruland and Moore’s Peaceful End of Life Theory is primarily derived from:
A. Quantitative research on cancer survival
B. Interviews with family members of deceased patients
C. Standard of care for terminally ill patients developed by expert nurses
D. Ancient philosophical texts on death
Answer: C
Rationale: This theory was developed based on a standard of care for ‘peaceful end of life’
created by expert oncology nurses.
