Chapter 2: History &
Social Context of Nursing
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, Florence Nightingale founder of modern nursing; effectively argued for the reform of British Army
medical system; influence extends to infection control, hospital epidemiology, and
hospice care
Mary Seacole significant contributions to health of soldiers in Crimean War; greatest Black
Briton; did more to advance cause of nursing and racial relations than almost any
other individual; paid for a clinic out of pocket
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 goal to stimulate US economy; $500 million to strengthen health care force;
included training and education of nurses and physicians
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation private foundation that funds innovative health care initiatives; committed tens of
millions to pursuing programs to help nursing schools, hospitals, etc; initiative
named Colleagues in Caring
Johnson & Johnson's Campaign for Nursing's Future works with NSNA, NLN, ANA, AONE, and STTI; Campaign for Nursing's Future;
enhance the image of the nursing profession, recruit new nurses and educators,
and retain nurses currently in system; included media outreach and scholarships;
hopes to increase number of individuals choosing nursing
ANCC Magnet Recognition Program model for employers to earn designation "employer of choice" by implementation
of a model program designed to attract and retain nurses
Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Mercy, and Sisters of the likely most skilled and devoted of women who provided nursing care in WW2;
Holy Cross Catholic sisters were highly disciplined, organized, and efficient
Dorothea L. Dix long time advocate for mentally ill in prewar years; Superintendent of Women
Nurses by Union Army; instrumental in creating month long training program for
women who wanted to serve
Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman African American women who cared for injured Union soldiers
Susie King Taylor laundress but called as a nurse; noted for teaching soldiers, African Americans,
and whites how to read and write
Mary Ann Bickerdyke created alternative treatments with plants and herbs; delivered supplies to troops
on Western front; brought order and created cleaner conditions
Clara Barton appealed to nation for supplies and necessities; established her own system of
distribution; "Angel of the Battlefield"; makeshift hospitals; founder of Red Cross
US Sanitary Commission private relief agency to support sick and wounded soldiers
Bellevue Training School for Nurses, Conneticut Training first three American training schools
School for Nurses, Boston Training School for Nurses
Linda Richards first trained nurse in the United States
Mary Eliza Mahoney first African American professionally educated nurse; trained at hospital New
England Hospital for Women and Children