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BIOS 255 MIDTERM EXAM 1 (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Anatomy and Physiology IV with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A – Chamberlain

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BIOS 255 MIDTERM EXAM 1 (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Anatomy and Physiology IV with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A – Chamberlain

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BIOS 255 MIDTERM EXAM 1 (Latest
Update ) Anatomy and
Physiology IV with Lab | Questions &
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A –
Chamberlain

1. The primary function of the plasma membrane is to:
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




A. Provide structural support
r. r. r.




B. Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




C. Store DNA
r. r.




D. Produce ATP
r. r.




Correct Answer: B r. r.




Rationale: The plasma membrane regulates selective transport of
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




molecules.
r.




2. The main component of the plasma membrane is:
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




A. Phospholipids
r.




B. Proteins only
r. r.




C. Carbohydrates
r.




D. Nucleic acids
r. r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Phospholipids form a bilayer that acts as a barrier.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.

,3. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




A. Ribosome
r.




B. Mitochondria
r.




C. Golgi apparatus
r. r.




D. Lysosome
r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides.
r. r. r. r. r.




4. Mitochondria are known as:
r. r. r. r.




A. Cell wall
r. r.




B. Powerhouse of the cell
r. r. r. r.




C. Protein factories
r. r.




D. Digestive organelles
r. r.




Correct Answer: B r. r.




Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular
r. r. r. r. r.




respiration.
r.




5. Smooth ER is responsible for:
r. r. r. r. r.




A. Lipid synthesis and detoxification
r. r. r. r.




B. Protein synthesis
r. r.




C. ATP production
r. r.




D. DNA replication
r. r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, and detoxifies
r. r. r. r. r. r.




chemicals.
r.

,6. Golgi apparatus functions to:
r. r. r. r.




A. Modify, sort, and package proteins
r. r. r. r. r.




B. Produce ATP
r. r.




C. Store water
r. r.




D. Synthesize lipids
r. r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Processes proteins for secretion or incorporation into
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




membranes.
r.




7. Lysosomes contain:
r. r.




A. Digestive enzymes
r. r.




B. Ribosomes
r.




C. DNAr.




D. Lipids r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Break down macromolecules and damaged organelles.
r. r. r. r. r. r.




8. Peroxisomes are important for:
r. r. r. r.




A. Detoxification of harmful substances
r. r. r. r.




B. Protein synthesis
r. r.




C. ATP production
r. r.




D. Lipid storage
r. r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Contain enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.

, 9. Plant cell walls are composed of:
r. r. r. r. r. r.




A. Cellulose
r.




B. Chitin
r.




C. Proteins
r.




D. Lipids
r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Cellulose provides structural support and rigidity.
r. r. r. r. r. r.




10. Central vacuole in plant cells functions to:
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




A. Maintain turgor pressure
r. r. r.




B. Produce ATP
r. r.




C. Synthesize proteins
r. r.




D. Digest macromolecules
r. r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Stores water and solutes to maintain cell rigidity.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




11. The nucleolus is responsible for:
r. r. r. r. r.




A. Ribosome assembly
r. r.




B. DNA replication
r. r.




C. ATP production
r. r.




D. Protein modification
r. r.




Correct Answer: A r. r.




Rationale: Site where rRNA and ribosomal subunits are produced.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




12. DNA is located primarily in the:
r. r. r. r. r. r.

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