FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
CERTIFICATION PRACTICE PAPER 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS ACCURATE KEY
● What are Benner's stages of nursing proficiency? Answer: Novice,
Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert.
● What does the American Nurses Association (ANA) define? Answer:
Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice.
● List three professional responsibilities of nurses. Answer: Autonomy
and accountability, caregiver, advocate.
● What are some advanced practice roles in nursing? Answer: Clinical
nurse specialist, nurse practitioner, certified nurse-midwife, certified
registered nurse anesthetist.
● Who is considered the first practicing epidemiologist in nursing?
Answer: Florence Nightingale.
● What significant contributions did Clara Barton make to nursing?
Answer: Founded the American Red Cross and provided care during the
Civil War.
, ● What was the focus of nursing education in the early 20th century?
Answer: Transitioning nursing education into universities and beginning
nursing specialization.
● What are the contemporary influences on nursing practice? Answer:
Importance of self-care, health care reform, demographic changes.
● What are Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)? Answer: Laws that regulate the
scope of nursing practice and protect public health, safety, and welfare.
● What is the purpose of nursing theory? Answer: To explain, describe,
predict, or prescribe nursing care.
● What are the components of a nursing theory? Answer: Phenomenon,
concepts, definitions, assumptions.
● What is the nursing metaparadigm? Answer: Person, health,
environment/situation.
● What are the types of nursing theories? Answer: Grand, middle-range,
practice, descriptive, prescriptive.
● What is the goal of theory-based nursing practice? Answer: To explain
nursing as distinct from other health care disciplines.
CERTIFICATION PRACTICE PAPER 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS ACCURATE KEY
● What are Benner's stages of nursing proficiency? Answer: Novice,
Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert.
● What does the American Nurses Association (ANA) define? Answer:
Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice.
● List three professional responsibilities of nurses. Answer: Autonomy
and accountability, caregiver, advocate.
● What are some advanced practice roles in nursing? Answer: Clinical
nurse specialist, nurse practitioner, certified nurse-midwife, certified
registered nurse anesthetist.
● Who is considered the first practicing epidemiologist in nursing?
Answer: Florence Nightingale.
● What significant contributions did Clara Barton make to nursing?
Answer: Founded the American Red Cross and provided care during the
Civil War.
, ● What was the focus of nursing education in the early 20th century?
Answer: Transitioning nursing education into universities and beginning
nursing specialization.
● What are the contemporary influences on nursing practice? Answer:
Importance of self-care, health care reform, demographic changes.
● What are Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)? Answer: Laws that regulate the
scope of nursing practice and protect public health, safety, and welfare.
● What is the purpose of nursing theory? Answer: To explain, describe,
predict, or prescribe nursing care.
● What are the components of a nursing theory? Answer: Phenomenon,
concepts, definitions, assumptions.
● What is the nursing metaparadigm? Answer: Person, health,
environment/situation.
● What are the types of nursing theories? Answer: Grand, middle-range,
practice, descriptive, prescriptive.
● What is the goal of theory-based nursing practice? Answer: To explain
nursing as distinct from other health care disciplines.
