Biology 1 Exam 2 Study Guide
(Chapters 6-9) Question and answers
verified to pass 2025/2026
All cells are surrounded by a __________ - correct answer ✔membrane
plasma membrane - correct answer ✔a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen,
nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell
The plasma membrane is made primarily from which of these macromolecules? - correct answer
✔lipids
the general structure of a biological membrane is a ________________ - correct answer ✔double layer
of phospholipids
Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of - correct answer ✔prokaryotic cells
protists, fungi, plants, animals all consist of - correct answer ✔eukaryotic cells
Basic features of all cells - correct answer ✔Plasma membrane
Semifluid substance called cytosol
Chromosomes (carry genes)
Ribosomes (make proteins)
prokaryotic cells - correct answer ✔do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
,DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
eukaryotic cells are characterized by having - correct answer ✔DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a
membranous nuclear envelope
Membrane-bound organelles
Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
eukaryotic cells are generally much _______ than prokaryotic cells - correct answer ✔larger
Which cellular structure is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - correct answer ✔plasma
membrane surrounding the cell
cell fractionation - correct answer ✔takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one
another
centrifuges fractionate cells into their component parts
Cell fractionation enables scientists to do what? - correct answer ✔determine the functions of the
organelles
_______________ help correlate cell function with structure - correct answer ✔biochemistry and
cytology
You have a solution containing all four of the components listed above. If you centrifuge (spin) that
solution at a speed fast enough to bring viruses into the pellet, what else would you definitely find in the
pellet along with viruses?
,mitochondria
viruses
ribosomes
proteins - correct answer ✔mitochondria
major organelles of the cell - correct answer ✔membrane- bound compartments
-nucleus
-endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
series of important vesicles
-mitochondria
-chloroplasts
not membrane bound
-ribosomes
-cytoskeleton
secreted proteins move sequentially through organelles of the endomembrane system - correct answer
✔
___________ used pulse-chase experiments to trace path of radioactive proteins - correct answer
✔George Palade
George Palade studied ________ - primary function is protein secretion - correct answer ✔pancreatic
cells
, Dark spots in TEM images revealed ___________ - correct answer ✔radioactive proteins
First evidence that secreted proteins are synthesized into rough ER lumen and move through a
____________- before secretion - correct answer ✔series of compartments
Pulse Chase Experiments - correct answer ✔follow proteins from their production to secretion
Pulse - correct answer ✔introduce radioactive amino acids to living cell
radioactivity label newly made proteins
chase - correct answer ✔flood cell with lots of non-radioactive amino acids
stops incorporation of radioactivity in new proteins
endosymbiont theory - correct answer ✔The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including
chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell
and its host cell then evolved into a single organism.
Pulse Chase Experiment conclusion - correct answer ✔to be secreted, proteins move from the ER to
the Golgi to secretory vesicles and then to the plasma membrane, where they are released to the
outside of the cell
the evolutionary origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts - correct answer ✔mitochondria and
chloroplasts have similarities with bacteria
-Enveloped by a double membrane
-Contain free ribosomes and circular DNA molecules
(Chapters 6-9) Question and answers
verified to pass 2025/2026
All cells are surrounded by a __________ - correct answer ✔membrane
plasma membrane - correct answer ✔a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen,
nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell
The plasma membrane is made primarily from which of these macromolecules? - correct answer
✔lipids
the general structure of a biological membrane is a ________________ - correct answer ✔double layer
of phospholipids
Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of - correct answer ✔prokaryotic cells
protists, fungi, plants, animals all consist of - correct answer ✔eukaryotic cells
Basic features of all cells - correct answer ✔Plasma membrane
Semifluid substance called cytosol
Chromosomes (carry genes)
Ribosomes (make proteins)
prokaryotic cells - correct answer ✔do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
,DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
eukaryotic cells are characterized by having - correct answer ✔DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a
membranous nuclear envelope
Membrane-bound organelles
Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
eukaryotic cells are generally much _______ than prokaryotic cells - correct answer ✔larger
Which cellular structure is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - correct answer ✔plasma
membrane surrounding the cell
cell fractionation - correct answer ✔takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one
another
centrifuges fractionate cells into their component parts
Cell fractionation enables scientists to do what? - correct answer ✔determine the functions of the
organelles
_______________ help correlate cell function with structure - correct answer ✔biochemistry and
cytology
You have a solution containing all four of the components listed above. If you centrifuge (spin) that
solution at a speed fast enough to bring viruses into the pellet, what else would you definitely find in the
pellet along with viruses?
,mitochondria
viruses
ribosomes
proteins - correct answer ✔mitochondria
major organelles of the cell - correct answer ✔membrane- bound compartments
-nucleus
-endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
series of important vesicles
-mitochondria
-chloroplasts
not membrane bound
-ribosomes
-cytoskeleton
secreted proteins move sequentially through organelles of the endomembrane system - correct answer
✔
___________ used pulse-chase experiments to trace path of radioactive proteins - correct answer
✔George Palade
George Palade studied ________ - primary function is protein secretion - correct answer ✔pancreatic
cells
, Dark spots in TEM images revealed ___________ - correct answer ✔radioactive proteins
First evidence that secreted proteins are synthesized into rough ER lumen and move through a
____________- before secretion - correct answer ✔series of compartments
Pulse Chase Experiments - correct answer ✔follow proteins from their production to secretion
Pulse - correct answer ✔introduce radioactive amino acids to living cell
radioactivity label newly made proteins
chase - correct answer ✔flood cell with lots of non-radioactive amino acids
stops incorporation of radioactivity in new proteins
endosymbiont theory - correct answer ✔The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including
chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell
and its host cell then evolved into a single organism.
Pulse Chase Experiment conclusion - correct answer ✔to be secreted, proteins move from the ER to
the Golgi to secretory vesicles and then to the plasma membrane, where they are released to the
outside of the cell
the evolutionary origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts - correct answer ✔mitochondria and
chloroplasts have similarities with bacteria
-Enveloped by a double membrane
-Contain free ribosomes and circular DNA molecules
