Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 4HB1/02R
Human Biology 🟐 🟐
UNIT: 4HB1
PAPER: 02R
You must have: Total Marks
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagram/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre
Fill in the boxesand
number at the top of this
candidate page with your name,
number.
•• Answer
Answer all
thequestions.
questions in the spaces provided
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 90.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
•• Try
Write your answers neatly and in good English.
to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Human Biology (4HB1/02R)
Question Paper And Mark Scheme 2026
, Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) The diagram shows a bone found in the human body.
cartilage
spongy bone
compact bone cartilage
blood vessel
(Source: adapted from: © Designua / Shutterstock)
(i) State the name of the type of bone shown in the diagram.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(1)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
(ii) Place one tick (✓) in each row to give the function of each part of the bone.
(3)
Function
where red
reduces provides
Part blood cells are
friction strength
produced
compact bone
spongy bone DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
cartilage
(iii) Describe the function of the blood vessel in the bone.
(2)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
2
■■■■
, (b) Bones are moved by muscles.
(i) Use the words in the box to complete the passage about bones and muscles.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(4)
cartilage contracts ligaments lowers pulls
pushes raises relaxes tendons
Muscles are attached to bones by . . .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .
To raise the lower arm, the biceps ....................................... and the
triceps . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .
The biceps .......................................on the radius, which raises the
lower arm.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(ii) Energy is transferred by the biceps muscle when raising the lower arm.
The biceps muscle applies a force of 125 N to raise the lower arm a distance
of 0.50 m.
Use this formula to calculate the energy transferred by the biceps muscle
when raising the lower arm 0.50 m.
energy transferred (J) = force (N) × distance (m)
(2)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
energy transferred =........................... J
(Total for Question 1 = 12 marks)
3
■■■■ Turn over
, 2 (a) Cells are made up of different components. Each component has a
particular function.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Identify the cell component that transports substances inside the cell.
(1)
A cell membrane
B cytoplasm
C endoplasmic reticulum
D ribosomes
(b) Mitosis is a type of cell division.
A student uses a light microscope to view a cell undergoing four stages in mitosis.
The diagrams, W, X, Y and Z, show the student’s observations.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
W X Y Z
(Source: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/812547957739062607/)
(i) Give the letters to show the correct order of the diagrams in the process
of mitosis.
(1)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .......................
(ii) State one function of mitosis in body cells.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(1)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
4
■■■■
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 4HB1/02R
Human Biology 🟐 🟐
UNIT: 4HB1
PAPER: 02R
You must have: Total Marks
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagram/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre
Fill in the boxesand
number at the top of this
candidate page with your name,
number.
•• Answer
Answer all
thequestions.
questions in the spaces provided
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 90.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
•• Try
Write your answers neatly and in good English.
to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Human Biology (4HB1/02R)
Question Paper And Mark Scheme 2026
, Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) The diagram shows a bone found in the human body.
cartilage
spongy bone
compact bone cartilage
blood vessel
(Source: adapted from: © Designua / Shutterstock)
(i) State the name of the type of bone shown in the diagram.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(1)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
(ii) Place one tick (✓) in each row to give the function of each part of the bone.
(3)
Function
where red
reduces provides
Part blood cells are
friction strength
produced
compact bone
spongy bone DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
cartilage
(iii) Describe the function of the blood vessel in the bone.
(2)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
2
■■■■
, (b) Bones are moved by muscles.
(i) Use the words in the box to complete the passage about bones and muscles.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(4)
cartilage contracts ligaments lowers pulls
pushes raises relaxes tendons
Muscles are attached to bones by . . .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .
To raise the lower arm, the biceps ....................................... and the
triceps . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .
The biceps .......................................on the radius, which raises the
lower arm.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(ii) Energy is transferred by the biceps muscle when raising the lower arm.
The biceps muscle applies a force of 125 N to raise the lower arm a distance
of 0.50 m.
Use this formula to calculate the energy transferred by the biceps muscle
when raising the lower arm 0.50 m.
energy transferred (J) = force (N) × distance (m)
(2)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
energy transferred =........................... J
(Total for Question 1 = 12 marks)
3
■■■■ Turn over
, 2 (a) Cells are made up of different components. Each component has a
particular function.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Identify the cell component that transports substances inside the cell.
(1)
A cell membrane
B cytoplasm
C endoplasmic reticulum
D ribosomes
(b) Mitosis is a type of cell division.
A student uses a light microscope to view a cell undergoing four stages in mitosis.
The diagrams, W, X, Y and Z, show the student’s observations.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
W X Y Z
(Source: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/812547957739062607/)
(i) Give the letters to show the correct order of the diagrams in the process
of mitosis.
(1)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .......................
(ii) State one function of mitosis in body cells.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(1)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
4
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