Architecture Study Guide
(Notes + questions and
answers
COMPUTER SYSTEM BASICS
A computer system works through coordination of
hardware and software.
• Machine language is binary code executed directly
by the CPU.
• Assembly language uses symbolic instructions that
map to machine code.
• Software includes the operating system and
application programs.
, • The operating system manages hardware resources
and provides services to applications.
Possible Exam Questions
Q: What is the main difference between machine
language and assembly language?
Answer: Machine language is binary; assembly uses
human-readable symbols.
Rationale: Assembly is easier for humans but still
translates directly to machine code.
Q: What is the role of the operating system?
Answer: It manages hardware resources and provides
services for programs.
Rationale: The OS acts as an intermediary between
hardware and software.