Final-NURS 2820 Pharmacology Exam
1 Questions and All Correct Answers.
Pharmacokinetics - Answer How medications travel through the body.
absorption - Answer the TRANSMISSON of medications from the location of administration
(GI tract, muscle, skin, mucous membranes, subcutaneous tissue) to the bloodstream.
rate of absorption - Answer How soon the medication will take effect.
What does the amount of absorption determine? - Answer Intensity of the effects.
What does the route of medication administration affect? - Answer The rate and amount of
absorption.
Common Routes of Administration? - Answer Intranasal, Oral**, Topical, Injectable,
Intravenous, Rectal
medication distribution - Answer the TRANSPORTATION of medications to sites of action by
bodily fluids
factors that influence distribution - Answer Circulation, Permeability of the cell membrane,
and Plasma Protein Binding.
metabolism of a medication - Answer (Biotransformation) changes medications into less
active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes.
(Occurs primarily in the LIVER, can also take place in the kidneys, lungs, intestines, and blood)
Factors that influence the rate of medication metabolism - Answer Age, Increased
medication-metabolizing enzymes, First-pass Effect, Similar Metabolic pathways, and Nutritional
status.
influence of the aging process on the metabolism of medications - Answer Infants have a
limited medication - metabolizing capacity. The effects of the aging process on medication
metabolism varies from person to person. Generally, hepatic medication metabolism tends to
decline with age.
, older adults often need lower doses of medications - Answer Older adults require smaller
doses of meds due to the possibility of accumulation in the body.
Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes - Answer can metabolize a particular
medication sooner, requiring an increase in dosage of that medication to maintain an increase
in dosage of that medication to maintain therapeutic level. It can also increase the metabolism
of other concurrent-use medications.
first-pass effect - Answer The liver inactivates some of the medications on their first pass
through the liver.
What would the first-pass effect require for meds affected by it? - Answer Require a
nonenteral route (sublingual, IV) because of their high first pass effect.
Describe what occurs when the same pathway metabolizes two medications - Answer When
the same pathway metabolizes two medication, it can alter the metabolism of one or both of
them
What is a possible consequence of similar metabolic pathways? - Answer In this way the rate
of metabolism can decrease for one or both of the medications, leading to medication
accumulation.
Nutritional status affect on medication metabolism - Answer Clients who are malnourished
can be deficient in the factors that are necessary to produce specific medication-metabolizing
enzymes, thus impairing medication metabolism.
What is the primary route of medication excretion? - Answer Kidneys
Besides the Kidneys.... How else are medications excreted? - Answer Liver, Lungs, Intestines,
and Exocrine glands (ex. breastmilk).
Describe the impact of kidney dysfunction on medication excretion - Answer accumulation in
the body
therapeutic index - Answer a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug. It is
the comparison of the amount of therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the
amount that causes toxicity.
Discuss the difference between medications with a high therapeutic index and those with a low
therapeutic index - Answer Meds with a High TI have a wide safety margin, Therefore there
is no need for routine blood medication level monitoring of med levels.
1 Questions and All Correct Answers.
Pharmacokinetics - Answer How medications travel through the body.
absorption - Answer the TRANSMISSON of medications from the location of administration
(GI tract, muscle, skin, mucous membranes, subcutaneous tissue) to the bloodstream.
rate of absorption - Answer How soon the medication will take effect.
What does the amount of absorption determine? - Answer Intensity of the effects.
What does the route of medication administration affect? - Answer The rate and amount of
absorption.
Common Routes of Administration? - Answer Intranasal, Oral**, Topical, Injectable,
Intravenous, Rectal
medication distribution - Answer the TRANSPORTATION of medications to sites of action by
bodily fluids
factors that influence distribution - Answer Circulation, Permeability of the cell membrane,
and Plasma Protein Binding.
metabolism of a medication - Answer (Biotransformation) changes medications into less
active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes.
(Occurs primarily in the LIVER, can also take place in the kidneys, lungs, intestines, and blood)
Factors that influence the rate of medication metabolism - Answer Age, Increased
medication-metabolizing enzymes, First-pass Effect, Similar Metabolic pathways, and Nutritional
status.
influence of the aging process on the metabolism of medications - Answer Infants have a
limited medication - metabolizing capacity. The effects of the aging process on medication
metabolism varies from person to person. Generally, hepatic medication metabolism tends to
decline with age.
, older adults often need lower doses of medications - Answer Older adults require smaller
doses of meds due to the possibility of accumulation in the body.
Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes - Answer can metabolize a particular
medication sooner, requiring an increase in dosage of that medication to maintain an increase
in dosage of that medication to maintain therapeutic level. It can also increase the metabolism
of other concurrent-use medications.
first-pass effect - Answer The liver inactivates some of the medications on their first pass
through the liver.
What would the first-pass effect require for meds affected by it? - Answer Require a
nonenteral route (sublingual, IV) because of their high first pass effect.
Describe what occurs when the same pathway metabolizes two medications - Answer When
the same pathway metabolizes two medication, it can alter the metabolism of one or both of
them
What is a possible consequence of similar metabolic pathways? - Answer In this way the rate
of metabolism can decrease for one or both of the medications, leading to medication
accumulation.
Nutritional status affect on medication metabolism - Answer Clients who are malnourished
can be deficient in the factors that are necessary to produce specific medication-metabolizing
enzymes, thus impairing medication metabolism.
What is the primary route of medication excretion? - Answer Kidneys
Besides the Kidneys.... How else are medications excreted? - Answer Liver, Lungs, Intestines,
and Exocrine glands (ex. breastmilk).
Describe the impact of kidney dysfunction on medication excretion - Answer accumulation in
the body
therapeutic index - Answer a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug. It is
the comparison of the amount of therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the
amount that causes toxicity.
Discuss the difference between medications with a high therapeutic index and those with a low
therapeutic index - Answer Meds with a High TI have a wide safety margin, Therefore there
is no need for routine blood medication level monitoring of med levels.
