Exam 2026 WITH Recent Newest Verified And
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2026-2027) Correct Detailed & Verified
ANSWERS (100% Accurate Solutions) ALREADY
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locations of chest pain? - ANSWERS-typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate
to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina? - ANSWERS-it is relieved with rest or
nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin? - ANSWERS-1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be? - ANSWERS-weak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia? - ANSWERS-muscle weakness
fatigue
muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
,S1 sound is the closing of what valves? - ANSWERS-atrioventricular (AV) valves
S2 sound is the closing of what valves? - ANSWERS-pulmonic valves
a decrease in pulse pressure suggest a decrease in __________ and ________. -
ANSWERS-a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output
an increase in pulse pressure increases ______ and _______? - ANSWERS-increase
in stroke volume and cardiac output
what does an elevated c-reactive protein suggest? - ANSWERS-inflammatiion
ST segment depression suggest? - ANSWERS-myocardial ischemia
ST segment elevation suggest? - ANSWERS-myocardial infarction
1 lb is equivalent to how many calroies - ANSWERS-3500 calories
why is a cardiac catherization performed? - ANSWERS-for a dx of coronary artery
disease and extent of the coronary artery occlusion
Diets in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease? - ANSWERS-
decrease sodium, decrease fat, and decrease cholesterol
angina could be triggered by ? - ANSWERS-eating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability to the myocardium
what is the pulse pressure? - ANSWERS-reflection of the stroke volume and cardiac
output. systolic minus diastolic
,chronic reduction of oxygenation and nutrients to the skin results in? - ANSWERS-hear
loss
dry scaling skin
ulcerations
brittle nails
assess pulse using what type of palpation? - ANSWERS-light palpation
How do you assess for changes in arterial blood flow? - ANSWERS-the 6 Ps:
1. pain
2. pallor
3. parethesia
4. paralysis
5. poikilothermia/polar
6. pulselessness
changes in cardiac output impairs? - ANSWERS-level of consciousness and mental
status
This hormone contributes to vasodilation and enhances coronary blood flow? -
ANSWERS-Estrogen
Ejection fraction less than what percent is fatal and it indicates what? - ANSWERS-less
than 40% and it indicates impaired left ventricular function
what suppress cardiac contractility and could lead to a decrease in stroke volume and
cardiac output? - ANSWERS-Hypoxemia and acidosis
where do you auscultate the apical pulse? - ANSWERS-at the intersection of the fifth
intercostal and midclavicular line
, the blood pressure represents the amount of ___________ exerted on the walls of the
______________ during systole and diastole and is influenced by? - ANSWERS-
amount of pressure
exerted on the walls of the arteries
and is influenced by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance
Postural Hypotension? - ANSWERS-decrease in preload which leads to decrease in
cardiac output
decrease in urine output could suggest? - ANSWERS-impaired cardiac function and
renal perfusion
which blood test are done to monitor renal function? - ANSWERS-BUN and creatinine
Peripheral Vascular disease? - ANSWERS-inability of arterial blood flow to meet oxygen
demand of tissues or an impaired ability to bring venous blood flow back to the heart
Clinical manifestations of venous insufficiency? - ANSWERS-aches
edema
positive pulse
darkening of the legs (browny color)
To evaluate blood flow following vascular surgery? - ANSWERS-use a doppler
elevating the legs promotes venous return but is contraindicated in what patients? -
ANSWERS-arterial insufficiency
Clinical manifestations of arterial insufficiency? - ANSWERS-pain