Prepare for a test with these Anatomy and Physiology - chapter 3 questions and answers

What is the basic structural and functional unit of life? ️️ The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life Which cell structure controls all cellular activities? ️️ The nucleus controls all cellular activities What surrounds and protects the cell contents? ️️ The cell membrane surrounds and protects the cell contents What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell? ️️ Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell Which organelle produces energy for the cell? ️️ Mitochondria produce energy for the cell What is the function of ribosomes? ️️ Ribosomes synthesize proteins Which organelle modifies and packages proteins? ️️ The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins What is the role of lysosomes? ️️ Lysosomes break down waste and cellular debris Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell? ️️ The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell What is diffusion? ️️ Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration What is osmosis? ️️ Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane What is active transport? ️️ Active transport is movement of substances using energy against a concentration gradient What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ It helps in protein synthesis What is the nucleolus responsible for? ️️ It produces ribosomes 2 What is DNA? ️️ DNA is the genetic material that carries hereditary information What is a chromosome? ️️ A chromosome is a structure that contains DNA and genes What is a gene? ️️ A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein What is cellular respiration? ️️ Cellular respiration is the process of producing ATP from nutrients What is ATP? ️️ ATP is the energy currency of the cell What is passive transport? ️️ Passive transport is movement of substances without energy use What is facilitated diffusion? ️️ Facilitated diffusion is movement of substances through membrane proteins What is endocytosis? ️️ Endocytosis is the process of taking substances into the cell What is exocytosis? ️️ Exocytosis is the process of releasing substances from the cell What is homeostasis? ️️ Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment What is the function of microtubules? ️️ Microtubules help maintain cell shape and enable movement What is the function of microfilaments? ️️ Microfilaments support cell structure and movement What is the cell cycle? ️️ The cell cycle is the process of cell growth and division What happens in mitosis? ️️ Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells What is interphase? ️️ Interphase is the growth and preparation phase of the cell cycle What is apoptosis? ️️ Apoptosis is programmed cell death What is the plasma membrane made of? ️️ It is made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins What is the function of centrioles? ️️ Centrioles help organize spindle fibers during cell division What is the cytoskeleton? ️️ The cytoskeleton is a network that supports cell shape and movement 3 What are organelles? ️️ Organelles are specialized structures within a cell What is selective permeability? ️️ Selective permeability is the ability of a membrane to control what passes through What is isotonic solution? ️️ An isotonic solution has equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell What happens in a hypotonic solution? ️️ Water enters the cell causing it to swell What happens in a hypertonic solution? ️️ Water leaves the cell causing it to shrink What is phagocytosis? ️️ Phagocytosis is the engulfing of large particles by the cell What is pinocytosis? ️️ Pinocytosis is the intake of fluid by the cell What is the function of peroxisomes? ️️ Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances What is transcription? ️️ Transcription is the process of making RNA from DNA What is translation? ️️ Translation is the process of making proteins from RNA What is mRNA? ️️ mRNA carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes What is tRNA? ️️ tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis What is rRNA? ️️ rRNA forms part of ribosomes What is the cell wall? ️️ The cell wall is a rigid outer layer in plant cells for support What is the function of chloroplasts? ️️ Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis in plant cells What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? ️️ Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus while eukaryotic cells have one What is the nucleoplasm? ️️ Nucleoplasm is the fluid inside the nucleus What is the function of vesicles? ️️ Vesicles transport materials within the cell What is the role of ion channels? ️️ Ion channels allow specific ions to pass through the membrane 4 What is membrane potential? ️️ Membrane potential is the electrical difference across the cell membrane What is resting potential? ️️ Resting potential is the electrical