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Samenvatting Architectuurtheorie -UA

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Samenvatting Architectuurtheorie van de Universiteit Antwerpen, les gegeven door Lara Schrijver. Thema's: /1. De rol van architectuur en van theorie /2. De systematisering van het denken (Frankrijk in de 19e E) /3. Architectuur, bouwen en Zeitgeist (Duitsland in de 19e E) /4. Stedenbouw en sociale emancipatie (England in de 19e E) /5. Bouwen aan een nationale identiteit (De VS in de 19e E) /6. Ambacht & industrialisering (Duitsland, Nederland, Oostenrijk in ) /7. Dromen van de Toekomst: visies op stedenbouw en maatschappij () /8. Naoorlogse Architectuur: wederopbouw, welvaart en consumptie /9. De postmoderniteit: meervoudigheid, legitimiteit en autonomie () /10. What can design do?

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Architectuurtheorie

Tijdslijn

,Les 1: de rol van architectuur en van theorie

les 1:
- Architectuurtheorie: historische contect & maatschappelijke rol bekijken

DEEL 1: 1849-1956: architectuur als moeder der kunsten + intellectuele rol

- Viollet-le-Duc: medival architects
- passer – cirkel (meetkunde)
- blad (wrsch instructies) -> versch interpretaties – instructies veronderstel
- in gesprek

- traktaten:
- Vitruvius: 1 vd belangrijkste traktaten
-> + Alberti (vertaling en interpreatie)
- Palladio: 4 libres del architectura
- S. Serlio: Treatise on Architecture (1537) -> werd gezien als gids: bv. Ordes – symboliek
- book I: principles of geometry (& the intersections of lines)
- book II: principles of perspective (in drawing and words)
- book III: Roman antiques (and Bramante)
- book IV: the architectural orders and their rules
- book V: churches
- book VI: housing
- book VII: problems for architects and how to overcome them
- John Ruskin: The seven lamps of architecture
-> “morele gids” architectuur
- la charte d’Athènes
- machine à habiter – Le Corbusier: teruggrijp elk onderdeel machine -> doel
functioneel/ rationeel

- post-war: vernieuwingsprojecten – leegtes, grootschalig
- hist. Context + maatsch. Rol: versch status + bevragen maatsch condities
-> language of post-modern architecture – Charles Jencks
- bubbles v bewegingen
- architectuur – andere taal zoeken
- nieuwe vragen en kijk (US- straatbeeld)
Aldo v Eyck: ++ trad (Afrika inspo)

- architectuurtheorie vandaag:
- Kate Nesbitt: 2 aspecten in theorie: beschrijving en bevraging (kritiek)
-> beiden onlosmakend bij theorie

- Kate Nesbitt, theorizing a New agenda for Architecture (1996)
- “Within the discipline of architecture, theory is a discourse that describes the practice
and production of architecture and identifies challenges to it.”
- thermen:
- Prescriptive: oplossingsgericht, voorschriften, wenselijke toestand

, - proscriptive: wat NIET doen, inperkingen (bv autovrije zone, betonstop,…)
=> beiden concreet
- Affirmative: bevestigen huidige toestand, niet bevragen
- Critical: kritiek, bevraging => beiden maatschappij gericht
-> iets kan over dit spectrum verschuiven door politiek klimaat

- voorbeelden:
- Cohe Saito: Antropoceen (geologisch tijdseenh – mens zo grote invloed – klimaat)
-> andere vorm econ. nodig -> vergroening en gezamenlijk aanmoedigen (Marx)
=> zag probleem – rijkt héél ander plan aan
- Miguel Theilbron: Amsterdam ’70 -> stedenbouw – Surinamers geen toegang tot woning
-> hist onderzoek -> niet als regelgeving, wel werkelijkh
- Benedicte Zitouni: “Planetary destruction, ecofeminists and transformative politics
early ‘80s”
- feminisme en anti-kernreactoren – kruisverbanden zelfde groepen

Tekst: Theorizing a new agenda for Architecture, Kate Nesbitt, 1996 – p16-21
PART I: THE NECESSITY OF THEORY

-What is theory?

- “theory is a discourse that describes the practice and production of architecture and
identifies challenges to it.”
- overlaps but differs with criticism -> poses alternative solutions based on observations
of current state discipline/ offers new thought paradigms for approaching issues
- theory operates – different levels of abstraction: evaluating profession, intentions,
cultural relevance
- theory deals w architecture’s aspirations as well as its accomplishments

PART I A. TYPES OF THEORY

- 4 types: - all differ from “neutral” perspective
1. Prescriptive theory: new or revived solutions for specific problems
-> can be critical or affirmative - depending on status quo
- richtlijnen opstellen op voorhand
-> verschuiven door andere inzichten (bv asbestos)
- voorschriften problemen oplossen (bv wanneer welke zuilorde)
- bv.: - charter van venetie
- menselijke maat
2. Proscriptive theory: what is to be avoided in design – absence of negative attributes
- vaak nadat iets is misgegaan
- vb. Betonstop, autovrije zones…
- functional zoning LC (tekst) – eerder prescriptief eig – NYC, US –
zonering in gebouw zelf – verdiepen
=> pre en pro verbonden – impliciet: als je weet wat niet wenselijk is, weet je ook wat wel

3. Affirmative: affirming current state, without questioning (bv monumentzorg & herbest)
-> zegt iets over afwijkingen en omgekeerd -> modellen tegenw meer

4. Critical theory: evaluates the built world and its relationships to the society it serves
- often w expressed political/ ethical orientation -> stimulates change

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