NR 324 Adult Health 1 Exam 1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
1. What age group has the high- Preterm / Neonates
est percentage of water con-
tent?
2. Two fluid compartments in the Intracellular space (inside cells) located in the ICF
body Extracellular space (outside cells) located in the ECF
3. ICF makes up what percent of 40%
total body weight?
4. What are the two main Interstitial fluid (fluid in the spaces between cells)
compartments containing ECF? Intravascular fluid (plasma)
What other compartments are Other compartments include lymph and transcellular fluids
there?
5. Transcellular fluid includes Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in the gastrointestinal tract, and
joint spaces as well as pleural, peritoneal, intraocular, and
pericardial fluid.
6. 1L of water = lb. 2.2 lb (1kg)
7. The concentrations of elec- milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
trolytes in body fluids is ex-
pressed in
8. What are the main Ions found ECF cation- sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calci-
in the ECF and ICF um, and magnesium
ECF anion- chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate,
sulfate, and phosphate anions.
ICF cation- potassium, with small amounts of magnesium
and sodium
ICF anion- phosphate, with some protein and a small amount
of bicarbonate.
,NR 324 Adult Health 1 Exam 1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
9. Hypovolemia (ECF volume abnormal loss of normal body fluids, (D/V, hemorrhage,
deficit) polyuria) inadequate intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid
shift
10. Fluid volume deficit Assessment- Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
Assessment- Causes-Treat- • Thirst, dry mucous membranes
ment-Client education • Cold clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, “capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, ‘pulse, “CVP
• “Urine output, concentrated urine
• ‘Respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
• Weight loss
• Seizures, coma
Causes- • ‘Insensible water loss or perspiration (high fever,
heatstroke)
• Diabetes insipidus
• Osmotic diuresis
• Hemorrhage
• GI losses: vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, fistula drainage
• Overuse of diuretics
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Third-space fluid shifts: burns, pancreatitis
Treatment- replace water and electrolytes with balanced IV
solutions
Client education- Good skin care, if orthostatic hypotension
is present, teach to change positions slowly, remind patient
to drink
11. Hypervolemia (ECF volume ex- Excessive intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids (HF or
cess) renal failure), or interstitial-to-plasma fluid shift
,12. Fluid volume excess Assessment- • Headache, confusion, lethargy
Assessment- Causes-Treat- • Peripheral edema
ment-Client education • Jugular venous distention
• S3 heart sound
• Bounding pulse, ‘BP, ‘CVP
• Polyuria (with normal renal function)
• Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema
• Muscle spasms
• Weight gain
• Seizures, coma
Causes- • Excessive isotonic or hypotonic IV fluids
• Heart failure
• Renal failure
• Primary polydipsia
• SIADH
• Cushing syndrome
• Long-term use of corticosteroids
Treatment-Remove fluid without changing electrolyte com-
position or osmolality of ECF
Client education- elevate edematous extremities
13. Nutrition related to potassium Diet is the source
-Fruit, dried fruits and vegetables
-Many salt substitutes contain substantial K+
14. Nutrition related to sodium -Daily intake far exceeds bodys daily requirments
-Glucose promotes sodium and water absorption
15. Hypertonic solutions initially raises the osmolality of ECF and expands it
-higher osmotic pressure draws water out of the cells into
the ECF
, -Useful in treatment of hyponatremia and trauma patients
with head injuries
16. Isotonic solutions has a similar concentration of water and electrolytes to plas-
ma, with an osmolality of 250 to 375 mOsm/L
-administering an isotonic solution expands only ECF and the
fluid does not move into cells
-the ideal fluid replacement for patients with ECF volume
deficits
17. Hypotonic solutions solution has more water than electrolytes, with an osmolality
of less than 250 mOsm/kg.
-Infusing a hypotonic solution dilutes ECf
-good for treating patients with hypernatremia
18. As a nurse it is important to re- • IV KCl must always be diluted and never given in concen-
member what administration trated amounts.
guidelines when administering • Never give KCl via IV push or as a bolus.
IV KCL? • Invert IV bags containing KCl several times to ensure even
distribution in the bag.
• Do not add KCl to a hanging IV bag to prevent giving a bolus
dose.
19. Hypernatremia Occurs when either too much water is lost or not enough
water intake, or too much salt is taken in
20. What S/S should the nurse look Hypernatremia with decreased ECF volume: • Restlessness,
for when a patient is experi- agitation, lethargy, seizures, coma
encing hypernatremia with de- • Intense thirst, dry swollen tongue, sticky mucous mem-
creased, normal and increased branes
ECF volume? • Postural hypotension, “CVP, weight loss, ‘pulse
• Weakness, muscle cramps
Hypernatremia with normal or increased ECF volume: • Rest-
1. What age group has the high- Preterm / Neonates
est percentage of water con-
tent?
2. Two fluid compartments in the Intracellular space (inside cells) located in the ICF
body Extracellular space (outside cells) located in the ECF
3. ICF makes up what percent of 40%
total body weight?
4. What are the two main Interstitial fluid (fluid in the spaces between cells)
compartments containing ECF? Intravascular fluid (plasma)
What other compartments are Other compartments include lymph and transcellular fluids
there?
5. Transcellular fluid includes Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in the gastrointestinal tract, and
joint spaces as well as pleural, peritoneal, intraocular, and
pericardial fluid.
6. 1L of water = lb. 2.2 lb (1kg)
7. The concentrations of elec- milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
trolytes in body fluids is ex-
pressed in
8. What are the main Ions found ECF cation- sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calci-
in the ECF and ICF um, and magnesium
ECF anion- chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate,
sulfate, and phosphate anions.
ICF cation- potassium, with small amounts of magnesium
and sodium
ICF anion- phosphate, with some protein and a small amount
of bicarbonate.
,NR 324 Adult Health 1 Exam 1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
9. Hypovolemia (ECF volume abnormal loss of normal body fluids, (D/V, hemorrhage,
deficit) polyuria) inadequate intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid
shift
10. Fluid volume deficit Assessment- Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
Assessment- Causes-Treat- • Thirst, dry mucous membranes
ment-Client education • Cold clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, “capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, ‘pulse, “CVP
• “Urine output, concentrated urine
• ‘Respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
• Weight loss
• Seizures, coma
Causes- • ‘Insensible water loss or perspiration (high fever,
heatstroke)
• Diabetes insipidus
• Osmotic diuresis
• Hemorrhage
• GI losses: vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, fistula drainage
• Overuse of diuretics
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Third-space fluid shifts: burns, pancreatitis
Treatment- replace water and electrolytes with balanced IV
solutions
Client education- Good skin care, if orthostatic hypotension
is present, teach to change positions slowly, remind patient
to drink
11. Hypervolemia (ECF volume ex- Excessive intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids (HF or
cess) renal failure), or interstitial-to-plasma fluid shift
,12. Fluid volume excess Assessment- • Headache, confusion, lethargy
Assessment- Causes-Treat- • Peripheral edema
ment-Client education • Jugular venous distention
• S3 heart sound
• Bounding pulse, ‘BP, ‘CVP
• Polyuria (with normal renal function)
• Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema
• Muscle spasms
• Weight gain
• Seizures, coma
Causes- • Excessive isotonic or hypotonic IV fluids
• Heart failure
• Renal failure
• Primary polydipsia
• SIADH
• Cushing syndrome
• Long-term use of corticosteroids
Treatment-Remove fluid without changing electrolyte com-
position or osmolality of ECF
Client education- elevate edematous extremities
13. Nutrition related to potassium Diet is the source
-Fruit, dried fruits and vegetables
-Many salt substitutes contain substantial K+
14. Nutrition related to sodium -Daily intake far exceeds bodys daily requirments
-Glucose promotes sodium and water absorption
15. Hypertonic solutions initially raises the osmolality of ECF and expands it
-higher osmotic pressure draws water out of the cells into
the ECF
, -Useful in treatment of hyponatremia and trauma patients
with head injuries
16. Isotonic solutions has a similar concentration of water and electrolytes to plas-
ma, with an osmolality of 250 to 375 mOsm/L
-administering an isotonic solution expands only ECF and the
fluid does not move into cells
-the ideal fluid replacement for patients with ECF volume
deficits
17. Hypotonic solutions solution has more water than electrolytes, with an osmolality
of less than 250 mOsm/kg.
-Infusing a hypotonic solution dilutes ECf
-good for treating patients with hypernatremia
18. As a nurse it is important to re- • IV KCl must always be diluted and never given in concen-
member what administration trated amounts.
guidelines when administering • Never give KCl via IV push or as a bolus.
IV KCL? • Invert IV bags containing KCl several times to ensure even
distribution in the bag.
• Do not add KCl to a hanging IV bag to prevent giving a bolus
dose.
19. Hypernatremia Occurs when either too much water is lost or not enough
water intake, or too much salt is taken in
20. What S/S should the nurse look Hypernatremia with decreased ECF volume: • Restlessness,
for when a patient is experi- agitation, lethargy, seizures, coma
encing hypernatremia with de- • Intense thirst, dry swollen tongue, sticky mucous mem-
creased, normal and increased branes
ECF volume? • Postural hypotension, “CVP, weight loss, ‘pulse
• Weakness, muscle cramps
Hypernatremia with normal or increased ECF volume: • Rest-
