BMS 300 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
COMPLETE AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.Aquaporins - ANSWERS✔-Channels selective for water
\.How are triglycerides formed? What kind of bond is formed? - ANSWERS✔-
Dehydration Synthesis - water is removed from the hydroxyl group on the 3-
carbon glycerol and the fatty acid side chain's carboxyl end
- This then forms an ester bond
\.Triglyceride structure - ANSWERS✔-3 ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
\.Phospholipid Structure - ANSWERS✔-- Two fatty acids
- one phosphate head group
\.What can the head groups on phospholipids be? - ANSWERS✔-1) Choline
2) Serine
3) Ethanolamine
,\.Micelle - ANSWERS✔-Unstable structure, sphere of phospholipids, with opening
in the middle where the tails face
\.Liposome - ANSWERS✔-Very rare, but more stable because there are two layers
of phospholipids with tails facing each other. Water can also go in the middle
\.Two ends of an Amino Acid - ANSWERS✔-C-Terminus: O=C-OH
N-Terminus: H-N-H
\.How do we make an amino acid polymer? What kind of bond is formed? -
ANSWERS✔-Dehydration synthesis: Peptide bond formed using the hydroxyl group
from one C-terminus and the hydrogen of another N-terminus
\.Directionality of beta pleated sheets - ANSWERS✔-Antiparallel
\.Directionality of the alpha helices and beta sheets - ANSWERS✔-Parallel
\.How do we distinguish parallel from antiparallel? - ANSWERS✔-Normal
amine/COOH ends vs. amine/COOH ends opposite each other
\.How do proteins fold? - ANSWERS✔-They fold in a way so that the hydrophobic
R groups are hidden from water and the hydrophilic R groups are facing the water
\.Binding Pockets - ANSWERS✔-Binding pockets are formed when proteins fold on
the outside of the protein surrounded by hydrophilic R groups
, \.Histones and Nucleosomes - ANSWERS✔-Spherical proteins, eight histones
assemble themselves into an octomer known as a nucleosome. DNA wraps itself
around the nucleosome, and forms a coil until the DNA molecule is compressed
into condensed chromatin
\.Protein Synthesis on RER (2 main responsibilities) - ANSWERS✔-1) Secreted
proteins, transmembrane proteins
- Lysosomal proteins
2) Glycosylation (adding sugars
\.Site of lipid synthesis - ANSWERS✔-Smooth ER
\.What types of proteins are synthesized on the RER? - ANSWERS✔-1) Proteins
destined for release from cell (secreted proteins)
2) Transmembrane proteins destined to be incorporated into the plasma
membrane
3) Lysosomal proteins destined to be sequestered in membrane bounds BAGS
celled lysosomes
\.What kinds of proteins to free ribosomes synthesize? - ANSWERS✔-Proteins
destined to be in the cytoplasm
\.How does a vesicle with transmembrane proteins from the RER --> Golgi fuse
with the plasma membrane? - ANSWERS✔-Generally a calcium influx, signals and
COMPLETE AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.Aquaporins - ANSWERS✔-Channels selective for water
\.How are triglycerides formed? What kind of bond is formed? - ANSWERS✔-
Dehydration Synthesis - water is removed from the hydroxyl group on the 3-
carbon glycerol and the fatty acid side chain's carboxyl end
- This then forms an ester bond
\.Triglyceride structure - ANSWERS✔-3 ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
\.Phospholipid Structure - ANSWERS✔-- Two fatty acids
- one phosphate head group
\.What can the head groups on phospholipids be? - ANSWERS✔-1) Choline
2) Serine
3) Ethanolamine
,\.Micelle - ANSWERS✔-Unstable structure, sphere of phospholipids, with opening
in the middle where the tails face
\.Liposome - ANSWERS✔-Very rare, but more stable because there are two layers
of phospholipids with tails facing each other. Water can also go in the middle
\.Two ends of an Amino Acid - ANSWERS✔-C-Terminus: O=C-OH
N-Terminus: H-N-H
\.How do we make an amino acid polymer? What kind of bond is formed? -
ANSWERS✔-Dehydration synthesis: Peptide bond formed using the hydroxyl group
from one C-terminus and the hydrogen of another N-terminus
\.Directionality of beta pleated sheets - ANSWERS✔-Antiparallel
\.Directionality of the alpha helices and beta sheets - ANSWERS✔-Parallel
\.How do we distinguish parallel from antiparallel? - ANSWERS✔-Normal
amine/COOH ends vs. amine/COOH ends opposite each other
\.How do proteins fold? - ANSWERS✔-They fold in a way so that the hydrophobic
R groups are hidden from water and the hydrophilic R groups are facing the water
\.Binding Pockets - ANSWERS✔-Binding pockets are formed when proteins fold on
the outside of the protein surrounded by hydrophilic R groups
, \.Histones and Nucleosomes - ANSWERS✔-Spherical proteins, eight histones
assemble themselves into an octomer known as a nucleosome. DNA wraps itself
around the nucleosome, and forms a coil until the DNA molecule is compressed
into condensed chromatin
\.Protein Synthesis on RER (2 main responsibilities) - ANSWERS✔-1) Secreted
proteins, transmembrane proteins
- Lysosomal proteins
2) Glycosylation (adding sugars
\.Site of lipid synthesis - ANSWERS✔-Smooth ER
\.What types of proteins are synthesized on the RER? - ANSWERS✔-1) Proteins
destined for release from cell (secreted proteins)
2) Transmembrane proteins destined to be incorporated into the plasma
membrane
3) Lysosomal proteins destined to be sequestered in membrane bounds BAGS
celled lysosomes
\.What kinds of proteins to free ribosomes synthesize? - ANSWERS✔-Proteins
destined to be in the cytoplasm
\.How does a vesicle with transmembrane proteins from the RER --> Golgi fuse
with the plasma membrane? - ANSWERS✔-Generally a calcium influx, signals and
