Latest 2026 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Exam 1 questions and verified answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane? ️️ It controls what enters and leaves the cell, maintaining internal balance What is the basic unit of life in the human body? ️️ The cell What is homeostasis? ️️ The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? ️️ The mitochondrion What does the nucleus contain? ️️ Genetic material (DNA) that controls cell activities What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities? ️️ Epithelial tissue What is the main function of connective tissue? ️️ To support, bind, and protect other tissues Which tissue type is responsible for movement? ️️ Muscle tissue What does nervous tissue do? ️️ It transmits electrical signals for communication What is metabolism? ️️ All chemical reactions that occur within the body What is anabolism? ️️ The process of building complex molecules from simpler ones What is catabolism? ️️ The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones 2 What is the function of ribosomes? ️️ Protein synthesis What is diffusion? ️️ Movement of substances from an area of high concentration to low concentration What is osmosis? ️️ Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane What is the cytoplasm? ️️ The jelly-like substance inside the cell where organelles are found What is the role of the Golgi apparatus? ️️ Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport What is a tissue? ️️ A group of similar cells working together to perform a function What is an organ? ️️ A structure made of different tissues working together What is an organ system? ️️ A group of organs that work together to perform a major function What is the function of lysosomes? ️️ They digest waste materials and cellular debris What does selectively permeable mean? ️️ Allows some substances to pass while blocking others What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ Lipid synthesis and detoxification What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ Protein synthesis and transport What is the extracellular fluid? ️️ Fluid outside the cells What is intracellular fluid? ️️ Fluid inside the cells What is the main component of the cell membrane? ️️ Phospholipids 3 What is a feedback mechanism? ️️ A system that regulates body processes What is negative feedback? ️️ A response that reduces or reverses a change What is positive feedback? ️️ A response that enhances or amplifies a change What is the function of cilia? ️️ Move substances across the cell surface What is the function of flagella? ️️ Provide cell movement What is a solution? ️️ A mixture of solute dissolved in solvent What is a solute? ️️ A substance that is dissolved What is a solvent? ️️ A substance that dissolves the solute What is pH? ️️ A measure of acidity or alkalinity What is the normal pH range of human blood? ️️ Around 7.35 to 7.45 What is dehydration synthesis? ️️ A reaction that forms bonds by removing water What is hydrolysis? ️️ Breaking down molecules by adding water What is the main role of enzymes? ️️ To speed up chemical reactions What is denaturation? ️️ Loss of protein structure due to heat or pH changes What is the structural level above cells? ️️ Tissue 4 What is the simplest level of structural organization?