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NUR 163 Exam 1 2026/2027 | Geriatric Nursing Care | Hondros College | Actual Exam Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed Rationales | Grade A | Concepts of Practical Nursing Care of Elderly Patients | LPN/LVN Gerontology Prep | Downloadable PDF

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INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD — This is the comprehensive Exam 1 preparation guide for NUR 163 - Concepts of Practical Nursing: Care of Elderly Patients (2026/2027) at Hondros College of Nursing, featuring actual exam questions with verified answers and detailed rationales. Designed for practical nursing (LPN/LVN) students, this resource consolidates the essential gerontological nursing concepts required to master the NUR 163 Exam 1 and achieve a Grade A. The guide is meticulously aligned with Hondros College curriculum, NCLEX-PN® test plan, and current evidence-based geriatric nursing practice standards. This verified resource provides comprehensive coverage of key NUR 163 Geriatric Nursing Care Exam 1 topics, including: Theories of Aging (biological theories—genetic (programmed longevity, telomere shortening, Hayflick limit, cellular senescence), stochastic (wear and tear, free radical theory (oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage), cross-linkage theory (advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), collagen cross-linking, reduced elasticity, organ dysfunction), error catastrophe theory (errors in protein synthesis, accumulation of damaged proteins), immunological theory (declining immune function (immunosenescence), increased autoimmunity, increased susceptibility to infection, cancer, autoimmune disease), neuroendocrine theory (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, decreased growth hormone, DHEA, melatonin, estrogen, testosterone, increased cortisol, menopause, andropause), psychosocial theories—disengagement theory (mutual withdrawal of older adult from society and society from older adult, natural, inevitable, universal, controversial, not supported by research), activity theory (successful aging requires maintaining activity levels, social engagement, roles, relationships, substituting lost roles with new ones, positive correlation with life satisfaction, health, cognitive function), continuity theory (personality, preferences, coping styles, activities persist throughout life, adapt to age-related changes by continuing familiar patterns, maintaining identity, self-esteem, life satisfaction), socioemotional selectivity theory (older adults prioritize emotionally meaningful relationships, narrow social networks, focus on present-oriented goals, emotion regulation, well-being), age stratification theory (society stratified by age, cohorts share historical experiences, age norms, age-linked roles and expectations, transitions (retirement, grandparenthood, widowhood, institutionalization), ageism (stereotyping, discrimination based on age), person-environment fit theory (competence (physical, cognitive, functional abilities) interacts with environmental press (demands, supports), optimal adaptation when competence matches environmental demands (zone of maximum comfort, zone of maximum performance), mismatch leads to stress, dysfunction, relocation stress (transfer trauma)), successful aging models (Rowe & Kahn: avoidance of disease/disability, maintenance of high cognitive/physical function, active engagement with life (social, productive activities), Baltes: selective optimization with compensation (SOC) (select (prioritize goals, reduce less important activities), optimize (enhance resources, practice, training, technology), compensate (use alternative strategies, assistive devices, environmental modifications)), gerotranscendence (shift from materialistic, rational, social-conventional worldview to cosmic, transcendent, meditative, less fear of death, increased life satisfaction, wisdom)); Age-Related Changes in Body Systems (integumentary—skin thinning, loss of elasticity, wrinkles, senile purpura, skin tears, pressure injury risk, decreased sweat/sebaceous glands (dry skin, thermoregulation impairment), decreased melanocytes (gray hair, photosensitivity, skin cancer risk), decreased subcutaneous fat (loss of insulation, padding), decreased vitamin D synthesis (osteoporosis, falls, fractures, immune dysfunction), nail changes (thickened, brittle, yellowed, slowed growth), hair thinning (scalp, axillae, pubic), pressure injury prevention (Braden Scale assessment, repositioning q2h, support surfaces, nutrition/hydration, incontinence care, moisture barriers, offload heels)); musculoskeletal—sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass, strength, power, type II fibers, decreased protein synthesis, increased inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), decreased physical activity, interventions (resistance exercise, protein intake 1.0-1.2 g/kg/day, vitamin D, treat underlying conditions)), osteoporosis (decreased bone mineral density, increased fracture risk (hip, spine, wrist, pelvis, proximal humerus), screening (DXA women ≥65, men ≥70, younger with risk factors), prevention (calcium 1200 mg/day, vitamin D 800-1000 IU/day, weight-bearing exercise, smoking cessation, limit alcohol, fall prevention), treatment (bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid), denosumab (Prolia), teriparatide (Forteo), abaloparatide (Tymlos), romosozumab (Evenity), raloxifene (Evista), calcitonin), osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease, cartilage degradation, joint pain (worse with use, improves with rest), stiffness (30 minutes, morning), crepitus, decreased ROM, Heberden nodes (DIP), Bouchard nodes (PIP), weight-bearing joints (knee, hip, spine), hands (CMC base of thumb), treatment (non-pharmacologic (weight loss, exercise (low-impact: walking, swimming, cycling), physical therapy, assistive devices (cane (opposite hand), walker), knee bracing, shoe orthotics), pharmacologic (acetaminophen (first-line, max 3000 mg/day in elderly (due to hepatotoxicity risk, lower dose mg/day for frail elderly, liver disease, alcoholism, malnutrition, cachexia), topical NSAIDs (diclofenac gel) (first-line for knee/hand OA, fewer systemic side effects), oral NSAIDs (lowest effective dose, shortest duration, GI prophylaxis (PPI, misoprostol) if needed, monitor renal function, BP, heart failure exacerbation, avoid in CKD stage 4-5, heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, history of GI bleed, on anticoagulants, antiplatelets), tramadol (weak opioid, lower risk of falls, sedation, respiratory depression than full agonists

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NUR 163 Exam 1 2026/2027 Hondros Geriatric

Nursing Care Actual Exam Questions Verified

Answers Study Guide Grade A


1. Therapeutic communication is best defined as:

A. Casual conversation between nurse and patient

B. A conscious and deliberate process used to gather information related to a patient's

overall health status

C. Giving advice and direction to the patient

D. Social interaction focused on the nurse's experiences

Correct Answer: B. A conscious and deliberate process used to gather information

related to a patient's overall health status

Rationale: Therapeutic communication is a purposeful, goal-directed process used to

assess patient health status and promote healing.



2. A nurse respectfully expresses concerns about a medication error to a physician.

This is an example of:

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A. Passive communication

B. Aggressive communication

C. Assertive communication

D. Nonverbal communication

Correct Answer: C. Assertive communication

Rationale: Assertive communication is the ability to respectfully express concerns about

issues that impact patient safety and share opinions with other staff, including those in

authority.



3. Which of the following are examples of nonverbal communication? Select all that

apply.

A. Silence

B. Appearance

C. Body movements

D. Eye contact

Correct Answer: A, B, C, D

Rationale: Nonverbal communication includes silence, appearance, body movements,

eye contact, facial expressions, and gestures.

,3|Page


4. A nurse is teaching a patient about their new medication. What is the best method

to assess the patient's understanding?

A. Ask the patient if they have any questions

B. Have the patient sign a form stating they understand

C. Use the teach-back method

D. Provide written instructions and assume understanding

Correct Answer: C. Use the teach-back method

Rationale: The teach-back method is the best way to assess patient understanding by

having the patient demonstrate or explain the information back to the nurse.



5. Adherence to a plan of care is important because it:

A. Increases the risk of complications

B. Decreases the risk of complications

C. Has no effect on patient outcomes

D. Only matters for medication compliance

Correct Answer: B. Decreases the risk of complications

Rationale: Adherence (compliance) with a plan of care helps decrease the risks of

complications and improves patient outcomes.

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6. Which factors can contribute to nonadherence in patients? Select all that apply.

A. Cognitive limitations

B. Sensory limitations

C. Understanding the treatment plan

D. Motivation to get better

Correct Answer: A, B

Rationale: Cognitive and sensory limitations are factors that can contribute to

nonadherence in patients.



7. A nurse teaches a patient to take their blood pressure medication with their

morning coffee each day. This technique improves safety and compliance by:

A. Increasing the medication's effectiveness

B. Associating medication schedules with regular daily events

C. Reducing the number of medications needed

D. Eliminating the need for medication reminders

Correct Answer: B. Associating medication schedules with regular daily events

Rationale: Associating medication schedules with regular daily events improves safety

and compliance by creating consistent routines.

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