AFST 235 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Name the European country that exported the largest number of enslaved Africans
during the eighteenth century. - ✔✔Britain
✔✔What trading commodity became the most important export of the Trans-Saharan
trade network? - ✔✔Gold
✔✔What crop fundamentally improved the food supply and encouraged population
growth in the Great Lakes area? - ✔✔banana
✔✔Which Sahel kingdom covered the largest geographical area (map will be provided).
- ✔✔Songhay
✔✔In what modern country were the Hausa kingdoms located? - ✔✔Northern Nigeria
✔✔Identify ways that Benin rulers centralized their power. - ✔✔King Ewedo reduced the
power of Benin's nobles and reformed the army by introducing new weapons like
improved swords and bows, and more efficient military organization, In the 1440s, King
Ewuare "the Great" further centralized the government and the army under his
command, ordered the construction of earthwork fortifications, and adopted canoes for
warfare on the Lagos Lagoon to the west and Niger Delta to the east
✔✔Identify what type of information provides scholars with the most knowledge about
the pre-colonial history of Central Africa. - ✔✔Oral traditions/history
✔✔What best describes the political organization of the Lunda Empire? - ✔✔All Lunda
kings became known as Mwaat Yaav or "Lord of the Viper." While some scholars
interpreted this story as symbolic of conquest by the Luba kingdom, others believe that
linguistic evidence shows a gradual interaction between the Ruund and Luba. Several
factors facilitated the success of the Lunda state. First, the broad and amorphous nature
of Ruund extended families meant that these institutions struggled to solve conflicts,
and therefore the Lunda state, which adopted a tight kinship-style structure, filled that
role. Second, Lunda rulers practiced positional succession in that a new king inherited
not only the position of his predecessor but his name, wives, and children, which
enabled the state to more easily assimilate conquered communities than Luba
✔✔Which European power supplied aid to Ethiopia in the sixteenth-century fight against
Adal? - ✔✔Portuguese
✔✔What do scholars generally accept as the estimate of enslaved Africans who landed
in the Americas between the 1500s and 1800s? - ✔✔12 million
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Name the European country that exported the largest number of enslaved Africans
during the eighteenth century. - ✔✔Britain
✔✔What trading commodity became the most important export of the Trans-Saharan
trade network? - ✔✔Gold
✔✔What crop fundamentally improved the food supply and encouraged population
growth in the Great Lakes area? - ✔✔banana
✔✔Which Sahel kingdom covered the largest geographical area (map will be provided).
- ✔✔Songhay
✔✔In what modern country were the Hausa kingdoms located? - ✔✔Northern Nigeria
✔✔Identify ways that Benin rulers centralized their power. - ✔✔King Ewedo reduced the
power of Benin's nobles and reformed the army by introducing new weapons like
improved swords and bows, and more efficient military organization, In the 1440s, King
Ewuare "the Great" further centralized the government and the army under his
command, ordered the construction of earthwork fortifications, and adopted canoes for
warfare on the Lagos Lagoon to the west and Niger Delta to the east
✔✔Identify what type of information provides scholars with the most knowledge about
the pre-colonial history of Central Africa. - ✔✔Oral traditions/history
✔✔What best describes the political organization of the Lunda Empire? - ✔✔All Lunda
kings became known as Mwaat Yaav or "Lord of the Viper." While some scholars
interpreted this story as symbolic of conquest by the Luba kingdom, others believe that
linguistic evidence shows a gradual interaction between the Ruund and Luba. Several
factors facilitated the success of the Lunda state. First, the broad and amorphous nature
of Ruund extended families meant that these institutions struggled to solve conflicts,
and therefore the Lunda state, which adopted a tight kinship-style structure, filled that
role. Second, Lunda rulers practiced positional succession in that a new king inherited
not only the position of his predecessor but his name, wives, and children, which
enabled the state to more easily assimilate conquered communities than Luba
✔✔Which European power supplied aid to Ethiopia in the sixteenth-century fight against
Adal? - ✔✔Portuguese
✔✔What do scholars generally accept as the estimate of enslaved Africans who landed
in the Americas between the 1500s and 1800s? - ✔✔12 million
