DEP 2004 UPDATED 2026 EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Psychoanalytic theories - ✔✔theories holding that development depends primarily
on the unconscious mind and is heavily based in emotion, suggesting that behaviors are
merely surface characteristics, that it is important to analyze the symbolic meanings of
behavior, and that early experiences are important in development.
✔✔Erikson's theory - ✔✔a psychoanalytic theory in which eight stages of psychosocial
development unfold throughout the life span. Each stage consists of unique
developmental tasks that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be faced.
✔✔Vygotsky's theory - ✔✔a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture
and social interaction guide cognitive development.
✔✔Information-processing theory - ✔✔a theory emphasizing that individuals manipulate
information, monitor it, and strategize about it. The processes of memory and thinking
are central.
✔✔Behavioral and social cognitive theories - ✔✔theories holding that development can
be described in terms of the behaviors learned through interactions with the
environment.
✔✔Social cognitive theory - ✔✔The theory that behavior, environment, and
person/cognitive factors are important in understanding development.
✔✔Ethology - ✔✔an approach stressing that behavior is strongly influenced by biology,
tied to evolution, and characterized by critical or sensitive periods.
✔✔Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - ✔✔Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems
theory, which focuses on five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem,
exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Emphasized how the individual and
multiple environments interact to impact growth and development.
✔✔Eclectic theoretical orientation - ✔✔an approach that selects and uses whatever is
considered the best in many theories.
✔✔Laboratory - ✔✔a controlled setting in which research can take place.
✔✔Naturalistic observation - ✔✔observation that occurs in a real-world setting without
any attempt to manipulate the situation.
✔✔Standardized test - ✔✔a test that is given with uniform procedures for administration
and scoring.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Psychoanalytic theories - ✔✔theories holding that development depends primarily
on the unconscious mind and is heavily based in emotion, suggesting that behaviors are
merely surface characteristics, that it is important to analyze the symbolic meanings of
behavior, and that early experiences are important in development.
✔✔Erikson's theory - ✔✔a psychoanalytic theory in which eight stages of psychosocial
development unfold throughout the life span. Each stage consists of unique
developmental tasks that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be faced.
✔✔Vygotsky's theory - ✔✔a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture
and social interaction guide cognitive development.
✔✔Information-processing theory - ✔✔a theory emphasizing that individuals manipulate
information, monitor it, and strategize about it. The processes of memory and thinking
are central.
✔✔Behavioral and social cognitive theories - ✔✔theories holding that development can
be described in terms of the behaviors learned through interactions with the
environment.
✔✔Social cognitive theory - ✔✔The theory that behavior, environment, and
person/cognitive factors are important in understanding development.
✔✔Ethology - ✔✔an approach stressing that behavior is strongly influenced by biology,
tied to evolution, and characterized by critical or sensitive periods.
✔✔Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - ✔✔Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems
theory, which focuses on five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem,
exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Emphasized how the individual and
multiple environments interact to impact growth and development.
✔✔Eclectic theoretical orientation - ✔✔an approach that selects and uses whatever is
considered the best in many theories.
✔✔Laboratory - ✔✔a controlled setting in which research can take place.
✔✔Naturalistic observation - ✔✔observation that occurs in a real-world setting without
any attempt to manipulate the situation.
✔✔Standardized test - ✔✔a test that is given with uniform procedures for administration
and scoring.
