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microangiopatia trombotica

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microangiopatia trombotica

Institution
Medicina Interna
Course
Medicina Interna

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MICROANGIOPATIA TROMBOTICA

Es un síndrome definido como anemia hemolítica no autoinmune, trombocitopenia y
compromiso de un órgano blanco. Mas comunmente sistema nervioso central o renal.

Son síndromes con etiologías múltiples y penetrancia fenotípica variable, conformando un
grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades con pronóstico ominoso si no reciben tratamiento
oportuno en general.

Sus manifestaciones se dan por lesión endotelial, formación de trombos en la microcirculación
e isquemia tisular.

Los órganos afectados más comúnmente son el sistema nervioso central, corazón, riñón y
sistema gastrointestinal.

Esquistocitos:
●​ La cantidad de esquistocitos en PTT es variable.
●​ 2 o más esquistocitos por CAP es sugestivo.
●​ No hay un límite inferior de esquistocitos para considerar PTT excluida.

Etiologias




Cohorte publicada en CJASN en francia, la mayoría 94% son secundarias.
PTT 3%
SHUA o mediado por complemento 3%

, Es poco frecuente que sea causada por PTT sin embargo si no se inicia tratamiento temprano
la mortalidad puede ser hasta 90% por lo cual siempre se debe descartar esta etiología.

MAT secundarias: preeclampsia y HELLP, infecciosas (VIH, COVID, E coli, Shiguella,
Neumococo), medicamentos (inhibidores de VEGF como Bevacizumab, Gemcitabine),
neoplasias 19%, trasplante 15%, autoinmunidad (LES) 9%

Hasta 50% requirieron transfusión de GRE
94% de PTT infusiones de plasma: indicación en lugares donde no hay plasmaféresis
67% SHUA recibieron Eculizumab

Desenlaces (2009-2016): 15% requerimiento de dialysis, 10% mortalidad con tratamiento

PLASMIC score:
●​ Plaquetas <30.000
●​ Hemolisis: reticulocitos >2.5%, haptoglobina indetectable o BT >2
●​ Cancer activo: -1 punto
●​ Historia de trasplante: -1 punto
●​ VCM <90fL
●​ INR <1.5
●​ Creatinina <2




Indica la probabilidad de que un paciente tenga deficiencia severa del ADAMTS13 definido
como menor a 15%.

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Institution
Medicina Interna
Course
Medicina Interna

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Uploaded on
April 6, 2026
Number of pages
13
Written in
2025/2026
Type
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Medicina interna
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