ESS 101 Exam One Study Guide with answers

ESS 101 Exam One Study Guide with
answers

plate tectonics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔outer portion of
the earth which consists of slabs of lithosphere (upper
most mantle and crust) that are in constant relative
motion


three kinds of plate boundaries - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔divergent, convergent, transform fault



divergent boundary - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔moving away
from each other


convergent boundary - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔moving
towards each other


transform fault boundary - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔moving
past each other


layers of earth from inner to outer / composition at each
layer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. inner core: solid nickel
and iron
2. outer core: molten nickel and iron

, 3. lower mantle: solid dense rock
4. upper mantle: mostly solid rock
5. crust: solid less-dense rock


mineral - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a naturally occurring,
inorganic, crystalline solid with a definite chemical
composition; defined by 5 characteristics - crystalline(1),
solid(2), definite chemical composition(3), naturally
occurring(4), inorganic(5)


rock - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔naturally formed, solid
material composed of grains of one or more minerals


crystalline - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔atoms are arranged in
a regularly repeating, orderly structure, called the crystal
lattice


cleavage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tendency for mineral
grains to break on distinct planes -- cleavage planes are
the manifestation of uniform planes of relatively weaker
bonds in the crystal lattice of the mineral


ultramafic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔>85% dark minerals


mafic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔>45% dark minerals