1. health:fbafbstatefboffbcompletefbphysical,fbmental,fbandfbsocialfbwell-beingfbandfbnotfbmerelyfbabsencefboffbdisease
2. publicfbhealth:fbThefbsetfboffbactivitiesfbafbsocietyfbundertakesfbtofbmonitorfbandfbimprovefbthefbhealthfboffbitsfbcollecti
vefbmembers
3. globalfbhealth:fbGlobalfbhealthfbisfbanfbareafbforfbstudy,fbresearch,fbandfbpracticefbthatfbplacesfbafbpriorityfbonfbimprovin
gfbhealthfbandfbachievingfbequityfbinfbhealthfbforfballfbpeoplefbworldwide.fbGlobalfbhealthfbemphasizesfbtransnationalfbhealthfbi
ssues,fbdeterminants,fbandfbsolutions;fbinvolvesfbmanyfbdisciplinesfbwithinfbandfbbeyondfbthefbhealthfbsciencesfbandfbpromotesfb
interdis-ciplinaryfbcollaboration;fbandfbisfbafbsynthesisfboffbpopulation-basedfbpreventionfbwithfbindividual-levelfbclinicalfbcare.fb-
JettfbKoplanf b Lancetfb2009
4. publicfb healthfb vs.fb medicine:fb Populationfbvs.fbindividual
Publicfbservicefbvs.fbindividualfbservice
Diseasefbpreventionfbandfbhealthfbpromotionfbvs.fbdiseasefbdiagnosisfbandfbtreatment
Broadfbbasefbinvolvingfbenvironment,fblifestyle,fbandfbmedicalfbcarefbvs,fbemphasisfbonfbmedicalfbcare
5. traditionalfbandfbenduringfbtopica:fbInfectiousfbdiseas
efbMaternalfbandfbchildfbhealth
WaterfbandfbsanitationfbNutriti
on
Injuries
EnvironmentalfbandfbhealthfbhazardsfbQu
alityfboffbhealthfbservices
6. contemporaryfbandfbexpandedfbtopics:fbClimatefbchange
MigrationfbandfbimmigrationfbR
acism
Socialfbmedia
fbGunfbcontr
ol
7. foundationalfb shiftsfb inf b publicfb health:f b Growthfboffbscientificfbknowledge
Publicfbacceptancefbthat
- Diseasefbcontrolfbwasfbpossible
- Diseasefbcontrolfbwasfbpublicfbresponsibility
8. environmentalfbfactorsfbthatfbimpactfblifestyle:fbGeography
fbClimate
Transportation
,TechnologyfbKnowled
gefbbase
9. agent:fbmigrationfbtofbcitiesfbchangedfbthefbinteractionfbamongfbhumans,fbenvironment,fbandfbafbvarietyfboffb"agents"
- Host
- Environment
10. lifestylefbimpactsfbhealth:fbHunter-
gatherersfb’agriculturalfbrevolutionfb’industrialfbrevolutionfb’scientificfbrevolution
11. beforefbthefb1800s:fbEpidemicfbdiseasefbjudgedfbasfbafbsignfboffbpoorfbmoralfborfbspiritualfbconditionfb-
fbunderstanding fboffbdiseasefbwasfbbasedfbonfbmyths/religions
Generalfbresignationfbtofbdiseasefb-
fbandfbnofbmeansfbtofbtestfbassociationsfbbetweenfbexposurefbandfboutcomesfbBalancefboffbthefb"Humors"
Ettortsfbtofbisolate/quarantinefbthefbill
12. otherfbefforts:fbOrdinances/inspectorsfbtofbpreventfbfoodfbadulteratio
nfbEarlyfbettortsfbtofbcurbfbindustryfbpollutionfboffbenvironment
Collectionfboffbvitalfbstatisticsfb-fbMassachusetts,fb1630s,fbfirstfbcolonyfbtofbrequirefbreportingfboffbbirths,fbdeaths,fbmarriagesfb-
fbadoptedfbbyfbotherfbNewfbEnglandfbcolonies
Earlyfbinoculations
Streetfbcleaningfb&fbgarbagefbremovalfbSo
mefbpublicfbwaterfbwells
Hospitalsfb-
fbFirstfbinfbthefbU.S.fbwasfbCharityfbHospitalfbinfbNewfbOrleans,fbfoundedfb1736fbJeremyfbBen
thamfb1747-1832
Utilitarianismfb&fbGoodfbGovernance:fbsocietalfbvaluefbtofbimprovingfbpopulationfbhealth
13. contextfboffbindustrialization:fbUrbanizationfb&fbslumfbdwelling
fbConcentrationfboffbfilthfbinfbcities
Endemicfbinfectiousfbdiseasefb(e.g.fbsmallpox,fbtyphoid,fbtuberculosis)fbattectingfballfbsocialfbclasses
14. sanitaryfbmovementfb1840-
1890:fbFilthfbrecognizedfbasfbimportantfbcausefboffbdiseasef b Cleanlinessfbidentifiedfbasfbcentra
lfbobjectivefboffbpublicfbhealthfb(alsofbseenfbasfbmoralfbcharge)
Theoriesfboffbdiseasefbcausation:
- Miasmasfb-fbconditionsfboffbthefbatmosphere,fbassociatedfbwithfbdecayingfbwastefbØfbJustifiedfbsanitaryfbapproach
- Contagionsfb-fbspecificfbcontagionsfbcausedfbinfectionsfbandfbdiseases
,- Justifiedfbquarantinefbandfbenvironmentalfbapproaches
- Positionf b off b Oliverf b Wendellf b Holmes,fb "Contagiousnessf b off b Puerperalf b Fever"
, 15. EdwinfbChadwick,fbLondon:fbSecretaryfboffbPoorfbLawfbCommissionfbinfbBritain
1842fbSanitaryfbConditionsfboffbthefbLabouringfbPopulationfboffbGreatfbBritainfb-fbmajorfbstudyfboffbconditionsfboffbthefbpoor
- Proposedfbthefb"sanitaryfbidea"fbincludingfbpurefbwaterfbandfbsewagefbdrains
- Basedfbonfbtheoryfboffbmiasmas
- Proposedfbnationalfbboardfboffbhealthfbandfblocalfbdistrictfbboards
- ControversialfbideasfbeventuallyfbadoptedfbinfbPublicfbHealthfbActfboffb1848
16. PrevailingfbPublicfbHealthfbMethods:fbLackedfbbenefitfboffbbacteriologicalfbscienc
efbMethodsfblimitedfbtofbrationalfbempiricism,fbcriticalfbobservation,fbsurveysfbandfbstatisticalfbanalysis
- Greatfbenthusiasmfbforfbstatisticalfbstudiesfbledfbtofbbirthfboffbepidemiology
- JohnfbSnow,fb"FatherfboffbEpidemiology"
- 1848fbstudyfboffbcholerafbinfbLondon
17. publicf b healthf b interventons:f b Environmental/Structural:
Publicfbsanitation:fbwater,fbsewage,fbgarbagefbremoval,fbpollutionfbcontrolfb§fbFocusfbonfbthefb"commons,"fbresourcesfbshare
dfbbyfball
Critiquefboffbhousingfb&fbworkingfbconditionsfbforfbthefbpoor
18. Lemuelf b Shattck,f b Massachusetts:f b Formerfbschoolfbteacher,fbbookfbseller
1850fbReportfboffbthefbMassachusettsfbSanitaryfbCommissionfb-
fblinkingfbmorbidity/mortalityfbtrendsfbtofbcrowdedfbliving,fbmiasmas,fb&fbimmorality
Proposedfbregularfbcollectionfboffbvitalfbstatistics,fbongoingfbstatisticalfbanalysisfb&fbsanitaryfbmeasuresfbProp
osedfbstatefbandfblocalfbboardsfboffbhealth
Recommendationsfblaterfbadopted,fbwithfbcreationfboffbfirstfbstatefbBoardfboffbHealthfbinfbMassachusettsfbinfb1869
19. focusfbonfbworkersfb&fbhousing:fbLouis-RenéfbVillermé,fbFrancefb-
fb1840fbreportfbonfbhealthfboffbworkersfbinfbtextilefbindustry
BenjaminfbW.fbMcCready,fbNYfb-
fb1837fbstudyfboffboccupationalfbhealthfbandfblivingfbconditionsfbamongfbworkingfbpoorfbCalledfbonfbwealthyfbtofbbuildfbad
equatefbhousingfbforfbworkers
JohnfbC.fbGriscom,fbNYfb-
fb1845fbreportfbservedfbasfbexposéfboffbconnectionsfbbetweenfbpoverty,fbsubstandardfbhousingfb&fbillnessfbEchoedfbMcCready'sfbre
commendation,fbandfbcalledfbfor:fbimprovedfbfood;fbstreetfbcleaning;fbandfbfreefbcleanfbwaterfbforfbthefbpoorfbTwofbimportantfbfo
undationsfbforfbPublicfbHealth:
Emphasizedfbprevention,fbasfbcausesfbwerefb'unnecessary'fbandfb'removable'
Advancedfbafbmoralfbpublicfbimperative,fbcallingfbonfbthefbgovernmentfbandfbthefbpublicfbtofbtakefbaction
2. publicfbhealth:fbThefbsetfboffbactivitiesfbafbsocietyfbundertakesfbtofbmonitorfbandfbimprovefbthefbhealthfboffbitsfbcollecti
vefbmembers
3. globalfbhealth:fbGlobalfbhealthfbisfbanfbareafbforfbstudy,fbresearch,fbandfbpracticefbthatfbplacesfbafbpriorityfbonfbimprovin
gfbhealthfbandfbachievingfbequityfbinfbhealthfbforfballfbpeoplefbworldwide.fbGlobalfbhealthfbemphasizesfbtransnationalfbhealthfbi
ssues,fbdeterminants,fbandfbsolutions;fbinvolvesfbmanyfbdisciplinesfbwithinfbandfbbeyondfbthefbhealthfbsciencesfbandfbpromotesfb
interdis-ciplinaryfbcollaboration;fbandfbisfbafbsynthesisfboffbpopulation-basedfbpreventionfbwithfbindividual-levelfbclinicalfbcare.fb-
JettfbKoplanf b Lancetfb2009
4. publicfb healthfb vs.fb medicine:fb Populationfbvs.fbindividual
Publicfbservicefbvs.fbindividualfbservice
Diseasefbpreventionfbandfbhealthfbpromotionfbvs.fbdiseasefbdiagnosisfbandfbtreatment
Broadfbbasefbinvolvingfbenvironment,fblifestyle,fbandfbmedicalfbcarefbvs,fbemphasisfbonfbmedicalfbcare
5. traditionalfbandfbenduringfbtopica:fbInfectiousfbdiseas
efbMaternalfbandfbchildfbhealth
WaterfbandfbsanitationfbNutriti
on
Injuries
EnvironmentalfbandfbhealthfbhazardsfbQu
alityfboffbhealthfbservices
6. contemporaryfbandfbexpandedfbtopics:fbClimatefbchange
MigrationfbandfbimmigrationfbR
acism
Socialfbmedia
fbGunfbcontr
ol
7. foundationalfb shiftsfb inf b publicfb health:f b Growthfboffbscientificfbknowledge
Publicfbacceptancefbthat
- Diseasefbcontrolfbwasfbpossible
- Diseasefbcontrolfbwasfbpublicfbresponsibility
8. environmentalfbfactorsfbthatfbimpactfblifestyle:fbGeography
fbClimate
Transportation
,TechnologyfbKnowled
gefbbase
9. agent:fbmigrationfbtofbcitiesfbchangedfbthefbinteractionfbamongfbhumans,fbenvironment,fbandfbafbvarietyfboffb"agents"
- Host
- Environment
10. lifestylefbimpactsfbhealth:fbHunter-
gatherersfb’agriculturalfbrevolutionfb’industrialfbrevolutionfb’scientificfbrevolution
11. beforefbthefb1800s:fbEpidemicfbdiseasefbjudgedfbasfbafbsignfboffbpoorfbmoralfborfbspiritualfbconditionfb-
fbunderstanding fboffbdiseasefbwasfbbasedfbonfbmyths/religions
Generalfbresignationfbtofbdiseasefb-
fbandfbnofbmeansfbtofbtestfbassociationsfbbetweenfbexposurefbandfboutcomesfbBalancefboffbthefb"Humors"
Ettortsfbtofbisolate/quarantinefbthefbill
12. otherfbefforts:fbOrdinances/inspectorsfbtofbpreventfbfoodfbadulteratio
nfbEarlyfbettortsfbtofbcurbfbindustryfbpollutionfboffbenvironment
Collectionfboffbvitalfbstatisticsfb-fbMassachusetts,fb1630s,fbfirstfbcolonyfbtofbrequirefbreportingfboffbbirths,fbdeaths,fbmarriagesfb-
fbadoptedfbbyfbotherfbNewfbEnglandfbcolonies
Earlyfbinoculations
Streetfbcleaningfb&fbgarbagefbremovalfbSo
mefbpublicfbwaterfbwells
Hospitalsfb-
fbFirstfbinfbthefbU.S.fbwasfbCharityfbHospitalfbinfbNewfbOrleans,fbfoundedfb1736fbJeremyfbBen
thamfb1747-1832
Utilitarianismfb&fbGoodfbGovernance:fbsocietalfbvaluefbtofbimprovingfbpopulationfbhealth
13. contextfboffbindustrialization:fbUrbanizationfb&fbslumfbdwelling
fbConcentrationfboffbfilthfbinfbcities
Endemicfbinfectiousfbdiseasefb(e.g.fbsmallpox,fbtyphoid,fbtuberculosis)fbattectingfballfbsocialfbclasses
14. sanitaryfbmovementfb1840-
1890:fbFilthfbrecognizedfbasfbimportantfbcausefboffbdiseasef b Cleanlinessfbidentifiedfbasfbcentra
lfbobjectivefboffbpublicfbhealthfb(alsofbseenfbasfbmoralfbcharge)
Theoriesfboffbdiseasefbcausation:
- Miasmasfb-fbconditionsfboffbthefbatmosphere,fbassociatedfbwithfbdecayingfbwastefbØfbJustifiedfbsanitaryfbapproach
- Contagionsfb-fbspecificfbcontagionsfbcausedfbinfectionsfbandfbdiseases
,- Justifiedfbquarantinefbandfbenvironmentalfbapproaches
- Positionf b off b Oliverf b Wendellf b Holmes,fb "Contagiousnessf b off b Puerperalf b Fever"
, 15. EdwinfbChadwick,fbLondon:fbSecretaryfboffbPoorfbLawfbCommissionfbinfbBritain
1842fbSanitaryfbConditionsfboffbthefbLabouringfbPopulationfboffbGreatfbBritainfb-fbmajorfbstudyfboffbconditionsfboffbthefbpoor
- Proposedfbthefb"sanitaryfbidea"fbincludingfbpurefbwaterfbandfbsewagefbdrains
- Basedfbonfbtheoryfboffbmiasmas
- Proposedfbnationalfbboardfboffbhealthfbandfblocalfbdistrictfbboards
- ControversialfbideasfbeventuallyfbadoptedfbinfbPublicfbHealthfbActfboffb1848
16. PrevailingfbPublicfbHealthfbMethods:fbLackedfbbenefitfboffbbacteriologicalfbscienc
efbMethodsfblimitedfbtofbrationalfbempiricism,fbcriticalfbobservation,fbsurveysfbandfbstatisticalfbanalysis
- Greatfbenthusiasmfbforfbstatisticalfbstudiesfbledfbtofbbirthfboffbepidemiology
- JohnfbSnow,fb"FatherfboffbEpidemiology"
- 1848fbstudyfboffbcholerafbinfbLondon
17. publicf b healthf b interventons:f b Environmental/Structural:
Publicfbsanitation:fbwater,fbsewage,fbgarbagefbremoval,fbpollutionfbcontrolfb§fbFocusfbonfbthefb"commons,"fbresourcesfbshare
dfbbyfball
Critiquefboffbhousingfb&fbworkingfbconditionsfbforfbthefbpoor
18. Lemuelf b Shattck,f b Massachusetts:f b Formerfbschoolfbteacher,fbbookfbseller
1850fbReportfboffbthefbMassachusettsfbSanitaryfbCommissionfb-
fblinkingfbmorbidity/mortalityfbtrendsfbtofbcrowdedfbliving,fbmiasmas,fb&fbimmorality
Proposedfbregularfbcollectionfboffbvitalfbstatistics,fbongoingfbstatisticalfbanalysisfb&fbsanitaryfbmeasuresfbProp
osedfbstatefbandfblocalfbboardsfboffbhealth
Recommendationsfblaterfbadopted,fbwithfbcreationfboffbfirstfbstatefbBoardfboffbHealthfbinfbMassachusettsfbinfb1869
19. focusfbonfbworkersfb&fbhousing:fbLouis-RenéfbVillermé,fbFrancefb-
fb1840fbreportfbonfbhealthfboffbworkersfbinfbtextilefbindustry
BenjaminfbW.fbMcCready,fbNYfb-
fb1837fbstudyfboffboccupationalfbhealthfbandfblivingfbconditionsfbamongfbworkingfbpoorfbCalledfbonfbwealthyfbtofbbuildfbad
equatefbhousingfbforfbworkers
JohnfbC.fbGriscom,fbNYfb-
fb1845fbreportfbservedfbasfbexposéfboffbconnectionsfbbetweenfbpoverty,fbsubstandardfbhousingfb&fbillnessfbEchoedfbMcCready'sfbre
commendation,fbandfbcalledfbfor:fbimprovedfbfood;fbstreetfbcleaning;fbandfbfreefbcleanfbwaterfbforfbthefbpoorfbTwofbimportantfbfo
undationsfbforfbPublicfbHealth:
Emphasizedfbprevention,fbasfbcausesfbwerefb'unnecessary'fbandfb'removable'
Advancedfbafbmoralfbpublicfbimperative,fbcallingfbonfbthefbgovernmentfbandfbthefbpublicfbtofbtakefbaction
