NUR 445 EXAM 2|ACTUAL QS&AS|A+GRADE:-
ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NURSING
Central Venous Pressure (CVP): what is it measuring? normal range? how to
treat high or low CVP?
- Measures: volume of blood returning to the right ventricle at the end of
diastole (filling); measures preload
- Range: 2-6
- Low: give fluids and/or vasopressor (levophed, dobutamine)
- High: diuretics (furosemide)
When is bradycardia treated? How is it treated?
- When it is symptomatic (chest pain, dizziness, syncope)
- Start with atropine, treat cause if possible (hypoxia or hypothermia), then
norepinephrine, then pacemaker
What are some uses of digoxin? MOA?
* Not primary treatment for anything!!!*
- Uses: sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, heart failure
- MOA: inotropic action increases contractility to improve cardiac output
,What are the s/s of digoxin toxicity? electrolyte cause? treatment?
- s/s: visual disturbances (yellow halos), anorexia, low HR/BP
- cause: hypokalemia
- Tx: Digoxin immune fab
What are administration considerations for Digoxin?
check apical pulse and K+ prior to administration
What type of cholesterol increases the risk for heart disease?
High LDL cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis and increase risk for blood clots
** fiber can help reduce LDL cholesterol by binding to in the intestines
What are the s/s of right sided heart failure?
dependent edema (lower extremities), ascites, weight gain, Jugular vein
distention
What are the s/s of left sided heart failure?
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,
orthopnea, exertional dyspnea, persistent cough, blood tinged sputum,
, crackles/rales, tachypnea, sudden weight gain, confusion due to decreased
perfusion, tachycardia, cyanosis.
How does nicotine affect the blood vessels?
causes vasoconstriction which increases afterload, decreasing cardiac output,
and increasing workload on the heart
What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
stable angina is relieved by nitro tablet administration and rest
unstable angina is not relieved by nitro and rest
What are nursing considerations after cardiac catheterization?
- flat bed rest for 2-6 hours
- watch insertion site for hematoma or bleeding
- monitor vitals and continuous cardiac monitoring
- monitor for chest pain, stroke (confusion, weakness, slurred speech), 5 Ps of
peripheral extremities, urine output, fluid intake
- monitor renal blood work, H&H, and coagulation studies
- anti-platelet meds may be given to prevent adverse event of thrombotic
events
ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NURSING
Central Venous Pressure (CVP): what is it measuring? normal range? how to
treat high or low CVP?
- Measures: volume of blood returning to the right ventricle at the end of
diastole (filling); measures preload
- Range: 2-6
- Low: give fluids and/or vasopressor (levophed, dobutamine)
- High: diuretics (furosemide)
When is bradycardia treated? How is it treated?
- When it is symptomatic (chest pain, dizziness, syncope)
- Start with atropine, treat cause if possible (hypoxia or hypothermia), then
norepinephrine, then pacemaker
What are some uses of digoxin? MOA?
* Not primary treatment for anything!!!*
- Uses: sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, heart failure
- MOA: inotropic action increases contractility to improve cardiac output
,What are the s/s of digoxin toxicity? electrolyte cause? treatment?
- s/s: visual disturbances (yellow halos), anorexia, low HR/BP
- cause: hypokalemia
- Tx: Digoxin immune fab
What are administration considerations for Digoxin?
check apical pulse and K+ prior to administration
What type of cholesterol increases the risk for heart disease?
High LDL cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis and increase risk for blood clots
** fiber can help reduce LDL cholesterol by binding to in the intestines
What are the s/s of right sided heart failure?
dependent edema (lower extremities), ascites, weight gain, Jugular vein
distention
What are the s/s of left sided heart failure?
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,
orthopnea, exertional dyspnea, persistent cough, blood tinged sputum,
, crackles/rales, tachypnea, sudden weight gain, confusion due to decreased
perfusion, tachycardia, cyanosis.
How does nicotine affect the blood vessels?
causes vasoconstriction which increases afterload, decreasing cardiac output,
and increasing workload on the heart
What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
stable angina is relieved by nitro tablet administration and rest
unstable angina is not relieved by nitro and rest
What are nursing considerations after cardiac catheterization?
- flat bed rest for 2-6 hours
- watch insertion site for hematoma or bleeding
- monitor vitals and continuous cardiac monitoring
- monitor for chest pain, stroke (confusion, weakness, slurred speech), 5 Ps of
peripheral extremities, urine output, fluid intake
- monitor renal blood work, H&H, and coagulation studies
- anti-platelet meds may be given to prevent adverse event of thrombotic
events
