SOLUTION COMPENDIUM
◉Decreased pulmonary compliance. Answer: Characteristic of
ARDS, indicating stiff lungs.
◉Assessment of lifestyle and risk factors. Answer: A comprehensive
evaluation of an individual's habits and potential health risks.
◉CBC. Answer: Complete Blood Count, a blood test used to evaluate
overall health and detect a variety of disorders.
◉BMP. Answer: Basic Metabolic Panel, a blood test that measures
glucose, calcium, and electrolytes.
◉UA. Answer: Urinalysis, a test that examines the content of urine to
assess health.
◉Initiation of anti-hypertensive medications. Answer: The process
of starting medication to lower high blood pressure, contingent
upon confirmed diagnosis.
,◉Diagnosis of hypertension. Answer: Determined by measuring
blood pressure on at least two separate occasions, averaging at least
2 minutes apart.
◉Left-sided heart failure. Answer: A condition where the left side of
the heart cannot pump blood effectively, leading to fluid
accumulation in the lungs.
◉Untreated hypertension. Answer: High blood pressure that is not
managed, leading to increased workload on the left ventricle and
potential heart failure.
◉Electrolyte imbalances in heart failure. Answer: Changes in serum
electrolyte levels, commonly resulting in hyponatremia and
hypokalemia due to compensatory mechanisms.
◉Dyspnea and pulmonary congestion. Answer: Primary symptoms
associated with left-sided heart failure, characterized by difficulty
breathing and fluid in the lungs.
◉Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Answer: The most common
leukemia in older adults, characterized by the proliferation of
immature lymphocytes.
,◉Pernicious anemia. Answer: A macrocytic, normochromic anemia
resulting from atrophic gastric mucosa not secreting intrinsic factor.
◉Tumor lysis syndrome. Answer: A condition that occurs when high
WBC counts lead to acute hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
◉Pancytopenia. Answer: A deficiency of all types of blood cells.
◉Leukostasis. Answer: Occurs when blood vessels become
overcrowded with immature blast cells in patients with AML.
◉Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms. Answer: Neurologic signs
including peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue.
◉Intrinsic factor. Answer: A substance produced by the mucosa of
the stomach and intestines essential for the absorption of vitamin
B12.
◉Sickle cell trait. Answer: A heterozygous carrier state where an
individual inherits one mutated gene, offering some protection
against malaria.
, ◉Acquiring two abnormal sickle genes. Answer: Leads to sickle cell
disease.
◉Life expectancy with sickle cell trait. Answer: Generally good, as
sickle cell trait is not a disease.
◉Common genetic mutation of hemoglobin. Answer: Sickle cell trait,
prevalent in populations from W. Africa, the Middle East, and
Mediterranean regions.
◉Malaria. Answer: A disease caused by parasites transmitted
through mosquito bites.
◉Sickle Cell Trait. Answer: Genetic condition providing partial
protection against malaria.
◉Sickle Cell Disease. Answer: Severe form of sickle cell trait leading
to health complications.
◉Herpes Zoster. Answer: Viral infection causing painful vesicular
rash along dermatomes.
◉Prodromal Stage. Answer: Initial phase before full symptoms
develop, like rash or fever.