Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
1
BCEN Questions and Answers and Graded
Shock
Correct Answer
impaired tissue perfusion secondary to circulatory failure
Compensated Shock
Correct Answer
Sympathetic nervous system (release of epi and norepi-
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vasoconstriction), RAAS activation (inc serum NA and fluid),
ADH (renal NA and H2O absorption) and intracellular fluid
shift (inc vasc volume)
Uncompensated Shock
Correct Answer
edema/third spacing, respiratory decline (crackles and
dyspnea secondary to pulmonary edema), cardiac decline
(inadequate venous return and dysrhythmias), hypo
perfusion to non-vital tissues, hypo perfusion to
myocardium and brain
Hypovolemic Shock
Correct Answer
Traumatic/nontraumatic hemorrhage, fluid shift, non-blood
fluid losses, urinary fluid losses
, Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
2
Fluid Volume Intervention
Correct Answer
crystalloid bolus: NSS is most common-- 1-2L for adults;
20ml/kg peds
Blood- typically PRBCs (no clotting factors here- just good
for volume and O2)
Massive transfusion: 1:1:1 PRBCs, platelets, and plasma
D5W NOT USED- metabolized too quickly and does not
contribute to volume expansion
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Cardiogenic Shock
Correct Answer
Inadequate pump: typically caused by MI, chest trauma,
sustained dysrhythmia, valve problems, end stage
cardiomyopathy
Disruptive Shock
Correct Answer
Fluid and pump are adequate- but fluid is in the wrong
place (pooling, leaky capillaries)
Types: Anaphylactic, Septic, Neurogenic
Cardiogenic Shock Interventions
Correct Answer
, Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
3
PEEP (force out pulm edema fluid)
decrease pre-load (Nitro, MSO4, diuretics, semi-fowlers)
decrease afterload (nitro + antihypertensives)
inc contractility (dobutamine, IABP)
treat dysrhythmias
Cardiac cath/angioplasty
Anaphylactic Shock
Correct Answer
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Type of Distributive Shock
IGE mediated
IM Epi Q15-20 min
Fluids
Histamine blockers
Albuterol (ensure patent airway)
Corticosteroids
Septic Shock
Correct Answer
Type of Distributive Shock
Must meet 2 SIRS criteria + known or suspected infection
Considered to be "shock" when pt is hypotensive despite
fluid resuscitation
May progress to MODS
, Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
4
Neurogenic Shock
Correct Answer
Type of Distributive Shock
loss of stimulation of sympathetic (fight or flight) nervous
system (brain/spine injury, spinal anesthesia)
Presents: bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension, priapism,
warm/dry/flushed skin
Intervention: fluids, vasopressors (phenylephrine),
corticosteroids, atropine
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Obstructive Shock
Correct Answer
Hypo-perfusion because of resistance to ventricular filling
Causes: pericardial tamponade, tension pneumo, PE
Shock in Peds Pts
Correct Answer
Typically hypovolemia is most common cause
Assess for dryness
Shock in Geriatric Pts
Correct Answer
Tachycardia may be masked by some home meds (ie: beta
blockers)
1
BCEN Questions and Answers and Graded
Shock
Correct Answer
impaired tissue perfusion secondary to circulatory failure
Compensated Shock
Correct Answer
Sympathetic nervous system (release of epi and norepi-
© 2025 Assignment Expert
vasoconstriction), RAAS activation (inc serum NA and fluid),
ADH (renal NA and H2O absorption) and intracellular fluid
shift (inc vasc volume)
Uncompensated Shock
Correct Answer
edema/third spacing, respiratory decline (crackles and
dyspnea secondary to pulmonary edema), cardiac decline
(inadequate venous return and dysrhythmias), hypo
perfusion to non-vital tissues, hypo perfusion to
myocardium and brain
Hypovolemic Shock
Correct Answer
Traumatic/nontraumatic hemorrhage, fluid shift, non-blood
fluid losses, urinary fluid losses
, Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
2
Fluid Volume Intervention
Correct Answer
crystalloid bolus: NSS is most common-- 1-2L for adults;
20ml/kg peds
Blood- typically PRBCs (no clotting factors here- just good
for volume and O2)
Massive transfusion: 1:1:1 PRBCs, platelets, and plasma
D5W NOT USED- metabolized too quickly and does not
contribute to volume expansion
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Cardiogenic Shock
Correct Answer
Inadequate pump: typically caused by MI, chest trauma,
sustained dysrhythmia, valve problems, end stage
cardiomyopathy
Disruptive Shock
Correct Answer
Fluid and pump are adequate- but fluid is in the wrong
place (pooling, leaky capillaries)
Types: Anaphylactic, Septic, Neurogenic
Cardiogenic Shock Interventions
Correct Answer
, Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
3
PEEP (force out pulm edema fluid)
decrease pre-load (Nitro, MSO4, diuretics, semi-fowlers)
decrease afterload (nitro + antihypertensives)
inc contractility (dobutamine, IABP)
treat dysrhythmias
Cardiac cath/angioplasty
Anaphylactic Shock
Correct Answer
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Type of Distributive Shock
IGE mediated
IM Epi Q15-20 min
Fluids
Histamine blockers
Albuterol (ensure patent airway)
Corticosteroids
Septic Shock
Correct Answer
Type of Distributive Shock
Must meet 2 SIRS criteria + known or suspected infection
Considered to be "shock" when pt is hypotensive despite
fluid resuscitation
May progress to MODS
, Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
4
Neurogenic Shock
Correct Answer
Type of Distributive Shock
loss of stimulation of sympathetic (fight or flight) nervous
system (brain/spine injury, spinal anesthesia)
Presents: bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension, priapism,
warm/dry/flushed skin
Intervention: fluids, vasopressors (phenylephrine),
corticosteroids, atropine
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Obstructive Shock
Correct Answer
Hypo-perfusion because of resistance to ventricular filling
Causes: pericardial tamponade, tension pneumo, PE
Shock in Peds Pts
Correct Answer
Typically hypovolemia is most common cause
Assess for dryness
Shock in Geriatric Pts
Correct Answer
Tachycardia may be masked by some home meds (ie: beta
blockers)
