1
Portage BIOD 121 Essentials in Nutrition Exams 1-6
2026/2027 Actual Exam | 6 Modules with Actual
Questions & 100% Correct Answers with Detailed
Rationales | Graded A+ | Pass Guaranteed
Module 1: Nutrition Foundations and Macronutrients
Q1: Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
A. Building cell membranes
B. Providing energy [CORRECT]
C. Synthesizing hormones
D. Transporting vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy (4 kcal per gram). Options
A and C are functions of lipids. Option D is a function of proteins and lipids.
Q2: Which nutrient class yields the most energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids [CORRECT]
D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipids (fats) yield 9 kcal per gram, while carbohydrates and proteins yield 4 kcal per
gram. Vitamins do not yield energy.
Q3: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates is:
A. 10-35% of total calories
,2
B. 20-35% of total calories
C. 45-65% of total calories [CORRECT]
D. 5-10% of total calories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65%. Option A is for protein. Option B is for fat.
Q4: Simple carbohydrates differ from complex carbohydrates in that:
A. Simple carbohydrates are starches
B. Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides [CORRECT]
C. Complex carbohydrates include glucose and fructose
D. Complex carbohydrates provide quick energy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Simple carbohydrates include mono- and disaccharides. Complex carbohydrates are
polysaccharides (starches, fiber).
Q5: Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Glycogen [CORRECT]
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycogen is a polysaccharide (many glucose units). Glucose is a monosaccharide.
Sucrose and lactose are disaccharides.
Q6: The storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles is:
,3
A. Starch
B. Glycogen [CORRECT]
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals (liver and muscle). Starch is the
storage form in plants.
Q7: Dietary fiber is beneficial because it:
A. Increases blood cholesterol levels
B. Slows digestion and adds bulk to stool [CORRECT]
C. Is absorbed in the small intestine
D. Provides a high amount of energy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fiber adds bulk (insoluble) and slows digestion/soluble fiber lowers cholesterol. It is
not absorbed and provides negligible energy.
Q8: How many calories are in a food item containing 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of
protein, and 2 grams of fat?
A. 68 calories
B. 72 calories
C. 78 calories [CORRECT]
D. 102 calories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: (10g carb x 4) + (5g pro x 4) + (2g fat x 9) = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78 calories.
, 4
Q9: Which lipid is solid at room temperature?
A. Oil
B. Unsaturated fat
C. Saturated fat [CORRECT]
D. Trans fat (in some contexts, but saturated is the classic solid at room temp example)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Saturated fats (like butter, lard) are typically solid at room temperature due to their
chemical structure.
Q10: The primary role of adipose tissue is:
A. Insulation and energy storage [CORRECT]
B. Vitamin absorption
C. Enzyme production
D. Oxygen transport
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides and provides insulation. Option B is
incorrect; lipids aid absorption but the tissue itself doesn't absorb them.
Q11: Essential fatty acids include:
A. Palmitic acid and stearic acid
B. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid [CORRECT]
C. Cholesterol and lecithin
D. Omega-9 and Omega-10
Correct Answer: B
Portage BIOD 121 Essentials in Nutrition Exams 1-6
2026/2027 Actual Exam | 6 Modules with Actual
Questions & 100% Correct Answers with Detailed
Rationales | Graded A+ | Pass Guaranteed
Module 1: Nutrition Foundations and Macronutrients
Q1: Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
A. Building cell membranes
B. Providing energy [CORRECT]
C. Synthesizing hormones
D. Transporting vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy (4 kcal per gram). Options
A and C are functions of lipids. Option D is a function of proteins and lipids.
Q2: Which nutrient class yields the most energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids [CORRECT]
D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipids (fats) yield 9 kcal per gram, while carbohydrates and proteins yield 4 kcal per
gram. Vitamins do not yield energy.
Q3: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates is:
A. 10-35% of total calories
,2
B. 20-35% of total calories
C. 45-65% of total calories [CORRECT]
D. 5-10% of total calories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65%. Option A is for protein. Option B is for fat.
Q4: Simple carbohydrates differ from complex carbohydrates in that:
A. Simple carbohydrates are starches
B. Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides [CORRECT]
C. Complex carbohydrates include glucose and fructose
D. Complex carbohydrates provide quick energy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Simple carbohydrates include mono- and disaccharides. Complex carbohydrates are
polysaccharides (starches, fiber).
Q5: Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Glycogen [CORRECT]
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycogen is a polysaccharide (many glucose units). Glucose is a monosaccharide.
Sucrose and lactose are disaccharides.
Q6: The storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles is:
,3
A. Starch
B. Glycogen [CORRECT]
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals (liver and muscle). Starch is the
storage form in plants.
Q7: Dietary fiber is beneficial because it:
A. Increases blood cholesterol levels
B. Slows digestion and adds bulk to stool [CORRECT]
C. Is absorbed in the small intestine
D. Provides a high amount of energy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fiber adds bulk (insoluble) and slows digestion/soluble fiber lowers cholesterol. It is
not absorbed and provides negligible energy.
Q8: How many calories are in a food item containing 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of
protein, and 2 grams of fat?
A. 68 calories
B. 72 calories
C. 78 calories [CORRECT]
D. 102 calories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: (10g carb x 4) + (5g pro x 4) + (2g fat x 9) = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78 calories.
, 4
Q9: Which lipid is solid at room temperature?
A. Oil
B. Unsaturated fat
C. Saturated fat [CORRECT]
D. Trans fat (in some contexts, but saturated is the classic solid at room temp example)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Saturated fats (like butter, lard) are typically solid at room temperature due to their
chemical structure.
Q10: The primary role of adipose tissue is:
A. Insulation and energy storage [CORRECT]
B. Vitamin absorption
C. Enzyme production
D. Oxygen transport
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides and provides insulation. Option B is
incorrect; lipids aid absorption but the tissue itself doesn't absorb them.
Q11: Essential fatty acids include:
A. Palmitic acid and stearic acid
B. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid [CORRECT]
C. Cholesterol and lecithin
D. Omega-9 and Omega-10
Correct Answer: B
