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Verslag Organische chemie: nitrering van broombenzeen

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Verslag 2 van het practicum Organische chemie: nitrering van broombenzeen. Ik heb hier geen verbetering of punt van teruggekregen.

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Nitrering van broombenzeen
Verslag 2




Hanne Leemans
Organische chemie: reactiviteit
2BA Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen
2019-2020

, 1 Inleiding
Het doel van dit practicum was om broombenzeen (C6H5Br) via een elektrofiele substitutiereactie te
nitreren door het toe te voegen aan salpeterzuur (HNO3) en zwavelzuur (H2SO4). De zuivering van het
verkregen ruwe broomnitrobenzeen gebeurde vervolgens door filtratie en omkristallisatie.


2 Reactieschema en table




Molaire massa Dichtheid Hoeveelheid Hoeveelheid Hoeveelheid
Reagent
(g.mol-1) (g.ml-1) (ml) (mol) (equivalenten)
C6H5Br 157 1,49 10 0,09 1,0
H2SO4 (96%) 98,1 1,84 20 0,36 4
HNO3 (65%) 63,0 1,51 20 0,31 3,5


3 Mechanisme
De nitrering van broombenzeen verliep volgens een electrofiele substitutiereactie. Eerst werd het
elektrofiele nitronium ion gevormd, nadat salpeterzuur geprotoneerd werd door zwavelzuur en
dissocieerde. Het elektrofiel reageerde met broombenzeen ter vorming van een arenium ion. Deze verloor
vervolgens een proton en vormde het broomnitrobenzeen.


Stap 1: Vorming van NO2-groep uit zwavelzuur en salpeterzuur




Stap 2: Nitrering van broombenzeen




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