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Sustainable Competitive Advantage - ANSWERS-Financial performance that
consistently outperforms industry averages
Operational Effectiveness - ANSWERS-Performing the same tasks better than rivals
perform them.
Fast Follower Exists when? - ANSWERS-1. Savvy rivals watch a pioneer's efforts
2. Learn from their successes and missteps
3. Then enter the market quickly with a comparable or superior product at a lower cost
4. Before the first mover can dominate.
Strategic Positioning - ANSWERS-Performing different tasks than rivals or the same
tasks in a different way.
Explain how the value chain model can be used to identify opportunities for information
systems. - ANSWERS----can be used at each stage of the value chain to improve
operational efficiency, lower costs, improve profit margins, and forge a closer
relationship with customers and suppliers
,---help examine how value-adding activities are performed at each stage of the value
chain.
---can improve the relationship with customers (customer relationship management
systems) and with suppliers (supply chain management systems) who may be outside
the value chain but belong to an extended value chain and can help businesses track
benchmarks in the organization and identify best practices of their particular industries.
---After analyzing various stages in the value chain, an organization can devise a list of
candidate applications for information systems.
Define the value web and show how it is related to the value chain. - ANSWERS----a
collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value
chains to collectively produce a product or service.
---It is more customer driven and operates in a less linear fashion than the traditional
value chain.
---a networked system that can synchronize the business processes of customers,
suppliers, and trading partners among different companies in an industry or in related
industries.
Explain how the value web helps businesses identify opportunities for strategic
information systems. - ANSWERS----information systems enable value webs that are
flexible and adaptive to changes in supply and demand.
--- Relationships can be bundled or unbundled in response to changing market
conditions.
---Firms can accelerate their time to market and to customers by optimizing their value
web relationships to make quick decisions on who can deliver the required products or
services at the right price and location.
---Information systems make it possible for companies to establish and operate value
webs.
Describe how the Internet has changed competitive forces and competitive advantage. -
ANSWERS----The Internet has nearly destroyed some industries and severely
threatened others. The Internet has also created entirely new markets and formed the
basis of thousands of new businesses.
---The Internet has enabled new products and services, new business models, and new
industries to rapidly develop.
, ---Because of the Internet, competitive rivalry has become much more intense. Internet
technology is based on universal standards that any company can use, making it easy
for rivals to compete on price alone and for new competitors to enter the market.
---Because information is available to everyone, the Internet raises the bargaining
power of customers, who can quickly find the lowest-cost provider on the Web.
Identify and describe the different levels in a business firm and their information needs. -
ANSWERS-From highest to lowest, the three levels of the organizational hierarchy are
senior, middle, and operational management.
Senior managers - ANSWERS-need summary information that quickly informs them
about the overall performance of the firm, such as gross sales revenues, sales by
product group and region, and overall profitability.
Middle managers - ANSWERS----need more specific information on the results of
specific functional areas and departments of the firm, such as sales contacts by the
sales force, production statistics for specific factories or product lines, employment
levels and costs, and sales revenues for each month or even each day.
---Knowledge workers, such as engineers, scientists, or architects, design products or
services and create new knowledge for the firm. They may need access to external
scientific databases or internal databases with organizational knowledge.
Operational managers - ANSWERS----need transaction-level information, such as the
number of parts in inventory each day or the number of hours logged on Tuesday by
each employee.
---Production or service workers actually produce the product and deliver the service.
Production workers need access to information from production machines. Service
workers need access to customer records so they can take orders and answer
questions from customers.
Types of information systems - ANSWERS-transaction processing at the operational
level
decision-support systems
management information systems at the middle level