BMS 420 Exam 2 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
At rest, the majority of the blood within the cardiovascular system is - ANSWER
located in the venules and veins
Movement of substances across the capillary wall is called ________________
transport and occurs primarily due to _____________. - ANSWER transcapillary;
passive diffusion
The most abundant type of capillary is known as ______________. - ANSWER
continuous
Sinusoid, or discontinuous, capillaries are commonly found in - ANSWER (1)
bone marrow
(2) liver
(3) spleen
The driving force responsible for moving water through transcapillary pores into
the interstitial fluid compartment is the - ANSWER hydrostatic and oncotic
pressure
Increased capillary permeability allows for the movement of proteins _________
the plasma resulting in a/an ____________ in plasma oncotic pressure. - ANSWER
out of; decrease
Lymph flow through the lymphatic system is affected by - ANSWER (1) interstitial
pressure
(2) contraction of lymphatic smooth muscle (3) skeletal muscle pump
Lymphatic vessels are similar to __________. - ANSWER veins
The lymphatic system helps maintain tissue homeostasis by returning fluid to the
cardiovascular system via the __________________. - ANSWER left and right
subclavian veins
The net movement of water out of capillaries is known as _____________________.
- ANSWER filtration
The movement of all substances in the blood as they move together with the flow
of blood is known as _______________ transport. - ANSWER convective
,The net movement of water into capillaries is known as _____________________. -
ANSWER absorption
Capillaries that are responsible for temperature regulation are sometimes
referred to as ______________ capillaries. - ANSWER non-nutritional
The ___________________ pressure is due to the movement of water due to the
presence of proteins and counters hydrostatic pressure. - ANSWER oncotic
In _______________ capillaries, filtration of plasma proteins is inhibited by
negatively charged endothelial pores & basement membrane. - ANSWER
fenestrated
The movement of most substances across the capillary wall is via
__________________. - ANSWER passive diffusion
The passive movement of water is driven by the _______________ of individual
compartments. - ANSWER osmolarity
When considering Fick's Law, this variable has an direct relationship with
diffusion through a membrane. - ANSWER concentration
When considering Fick's Law, this variable has an inverse relationship with
diffusion through a membrane. - ANSWER membrane thickness
The fluid inside lymphatic vessels is called ____________. - ANSWER lymph
The driving force causing blood flow along vessels and return to the heart is
called __________________ pressure. - ANSWER hydrostatic
In __________ type capillaries, transcapillary diffusion can occur through the
entire endothelial surface. - ANSWER continuous
Lymphatic smooth muscle contracts in response to ______________. - ANSWER
stretch
The passive diffusion of substances between the plasma compartment and the
interstitial compartment can be described by ___________. - ANSWER Fick's Law
Interaction between blood and endothelial cells leads to _______________. -
ANSWER shear stress
Increased shear stress activates cell signaling pathways that can lead to
_______________. - ANSWER vessel dilation
, The primary cellular pathway responsible for vascular smooth muscle relaxation
in response to shear stress results in the production of ____________. - ANSWER
nitric oxide (NO)
Vessel branching or narrowing can cause flow through the vessel to become
_____________. - ANSWER turbulent
As we age and arteries become stiffer, pulse pressure typically __________. -
ANSWER increases
Flow and pressure fluctuate during the cardiac cycle and lead to a
characteristic pressure waveform. The dicrotic wave portion is the result of -
ANSWER blood flowing away from the heart during diastole
Arteriolar vasoconstriction will result in - ANSWER decreased hydrostatic
pressure in the capillaries and veins
Arteriolar vasodilation will result in _____________ in arterial blood pressure. -
ANSWER a decrease
For a given arterial compliance, a decrease in stroke volume will result in
______________ in pulse pressure. - ANSWER a decrease
Shear stress is _________________ to changes in vessel radius. - ANSWER
indirectly proportional
The systolic wave of the arterial pressure waveform reflects the __________
phase of the cardiac cycle. - ANSWER ejection
The majority of blood flow through the cardiovascular system is ____________
flow the results in very little mixing. - ANSWER laminar
____________________ results in a decrease in arterial pressure. - ANSWER
vasodilation
Increased vessel diameter that results from increased shear stress is known as
______________-_______________ vasodilation. - ANSWER flow-dependent
The ____________________ are also known as resistance vessels. - ANSWER
arterioles
Increased interaction between blood and the vessel walls results in a decrease
in ________________. - ANSWER velocity
Increased production of endothelial nitric oxide leads to vascular smooth
muscle ____________. - ANSWER relaxation
Complete Solutions
At rest, the majority of the blood within the cardiovascular system is - ANSWER
located in the venules and veins
Movement of substances across the capillary wall is called ________________
transport and occurs primarily due to _____________. - ANSWER transcapillary;
passive diffusion
The most abundant type of capillary is known as ______________. - ANSWER
continuous
Sinusoid, or discontinuous, capillaries are commonly found in - ANSWER (1)
bone marrow
(2) liver
(3) spleen
The driving force responsible for moving water through transcapillary pores into
the interstitial fluid compartment is the - ANSWER hydrostatic and oncotic
pressure
Increased capillary permeability allows for the movement of proteins _________
the plasma resulting in a/an ____________ in plasma oncotic pressure. - ANSWER
out of; decrease
Lymph flow through the lymphatic system is affected by - ANSWER (1) interstitial
pressure
(2) contraction of lymphatic smooth muscle (3) skeletal muscle pump
Lymphatic vessels are similar to __________. - ANSWER veins
The lymphatic system helps maintain tissue homeostasis by returning fluid to the
cardiovascular system via the __________________. - ANSWER left and right
subclavian veins
The net movement of water out of capillaries is known as _____________________.
- ANSWER filtration
The movement of all substances in the blood as they move together with the flow
of blood is known as _______________ transport. - ANSWER convective
,The net movement of water into capillaries is known as _____________________. -
ANSWER absorption
Capillaries that are responsible for temperature regulation are sometimes
referred to as ______________ capillaries. - ANSWER non-nutritional
The ___________________ pressure is due to the movement of water due to the
presence of proteins and counters hydrostatic pressure. - ANSWER oncotic
In _______________ capillaries, filtration of plasma proteins is inhibited by
negatively charged endothelial pores & basement membrane. - ANSWER
fenestrated
The movement of most substances across the capillary wall is via
__________________. - ANSWER passive diffusion
The passive movement of water is driven by the _______________ of individual
compartments. - ANSWER osmolarity
When considering Fick's Law, this variable has an direct relationship with
diffusion through a membrane. - ANSWER concentration
When considering Fick's Law, this variable has an inverse relationship with
diffusion through a membrane. - ANSWER membrane thickness
The fluid inside lymphatic vessels is called ____________. - ANSWER lymph
The driving force causing blood flow along vessels and return to the heart is
called __________________ pressure. - ANSWER hydrostatic
In __________ type capillaries, transcapillary diffusion can occur through the
entire endothelial surface. - ANSWER continuous
Lymphatic smooth muscle contracts in response to ______________. - ANSWER
stretch
The passive diffusion of substances between the plasma compartment and the
interstitial compartment can be described by ___________. - ANSWER Fick's Law
Interaction between blood and endothelial cells leads to _______________. -
ANSWER shear stress
Increased shear stress activates cell signaling pathways that can lead to
_______________. - ANSWER vessel dilation
, The primary cellular pathway responsible for vascular smooth muscle relaxation
in response to shear stress results in the production of ____________. - ANSWER
nitric oxide (NO)
Vessel branching or narrowing can cause flow through the vessel to become
_____________. - ANSWER turbulent
As we age and arteries become stiffer, pulse pressure typically __________. -
ANSWER increases
Flow and pressure fluctuate during the cardiac cycle and lead to a
characteristic pressure waveform. The dicrotic wave portion is the result of -
ANSWER blood flowing away from the heart during diastole
Arteriolar vasoconstriction will result in - ANSWER decreased hydrostatic
pressure in the capillaries and veins
Arteriolar vasodilation will result in _____________ in arterial blood pressure. -
ANSWER a decrease
For a given arterial compliance, a decrease in stroke volume will result in
______________ in pulse pressure. - ANSWER a decrease
Shear stress is _________________ to changes in vessel radius. - ANSWER
indirectly proportional
The systolic wave of the arterial pressure waveform reflects the __________
phase of the cardiac cycle. - ANSWER ejection
The majority of blood flow through the cardiovascular system is ____________
flow the results in very little mixing. - ANSWER laminar
____________________ results in a decrease in arterial pressure. - ANSWER
vasodilation
Increased vessel diameter that results from increased shear stress is known as
______________-_______________ vasodilation. - ANSWER flow-dependent
The ____________________ are also known as resistance vessels. - ANSWER
arterioles
Increased interaction between blood and the vessel walls results in a decrease
in ________________. - ANSWER velocity
Increased production of endothelial nitric oxide leads to vascular smooth
muscle ____________. - ANSWER relaxation
