Page | 1
NR 565 – Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals Mid-term Exam 2
With Questions & Answers 2026
Updated
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences? -
............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........1st trimester (fetus most at risk
d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria? - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Recommendations of medications
inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately
decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........liver enzyme system where
medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors
and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Speed up
metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
, Page | 2
CYP450 inducers pneumonic - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔.........."Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Barbituates, St John wort,
Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........inhibit
metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔.........."VISA
credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look
GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides,
amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice,
quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs? -
............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........increase glomerular filtration
rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
, Page | 3
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials
such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large
doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
neonates? - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........slow and erratic
due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in
infancy? - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........delayed gastric
emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
- ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........glucocorticoids, discoloration
of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education? - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........dosage size and
timing
, Page | 4
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk
for adverse drug reactions? - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered
pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly
patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction? - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........obtaining a thorough drug history that
includes over-the-counter medications
NR 565 – Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals Mid-term Exam 2
With Questions & Answers 2026
Updated
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences? -
............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........1st trimester (fetus most at risk
d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria? - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Recommendations of medications
inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately
decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........liver enzyme system where
medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors
and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Speed up
metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
, Page | 2
CYP450 inducers pneumonic - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔.........."Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Barbituates, St John wort,
Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........inhibit
metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔.........."VISA
credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look
GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides,
amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice,
quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs? -
............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........increase glomerular filtration
rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
, Page | 3
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials
such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large
doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
neonates? - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........slow and erratic
due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in
infancy? - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........delayed gastric
emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
- ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........glucocorticoids, discoloration
of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education? - ............ SOLUTION✔✔✔..........dosage size and
timing
, Page | 4
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk
for adverse drug reactions? - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered
pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly
patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction? - ............
SOLUTION✔✔✔..........obtaining a thorough drug history that
includes over-the-counter medications
